महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-207, verse-12

स कलिङ्गानतिक्रम्य देशानायतनानि च ।
धर्म्याणि रमणीयानि प्रेक्षमाणो ययौ प्रभुः ॥१२॥

12. sa kaliṅgānatikramya deśānāyatanāni ca ,
dharmyāṇi ramaṇīyāni prekṣamāṇo yayau prabhuḥ.

12. saḥ kalingān atikramya deśān āyatanāni ca
dharmyāṇi ramaṇīyāni prekṣamāṇaḥ yayau prabhuḥ

12. That mighty one (prabhu) proceeded, having traversed the Kalinga country (Kalingān), and, observing its sacred (dharmyāṇi) and charming holy sites (āyatanāni), continued his journey.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• कलिन्गान् (kalingān) - the Kalingas (a people or country)

• अतिक्रम्य (atikramya) - having crossed, having passed over, having traversed

• देशान् (deśān) - countries, regions

• आयतनानि (āyatanāni) - sacred places, holy sites, temples

• च (ca) - and

• धर्म्याणि (dharmyāṇi) - righteous, lawful, sacred, related to natural law (dharma)

• रमणीयानि (ramaṇīyāni) - delightful, charming, pleasant, beautiful

• प्रेक्षमाणः (prekṣamāṇaḥ) - seeing, observing, looking at

• ययौ (yayau) - went

• प्रभुः (prabhuḥ) - Arjuna (lord, master, mighty one, powerful)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

कलिन्गान् (kalingān) - the Kalingas (a people or country)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of kalinga

kalinga - name of an ancient country and its people in eastern India

अतिक्रम्य (atikramya) - having crossed, having passed over, having traversed

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from the root 'kram' with prefix 'ati' and the suffix 'lyap' (used when a prefix is present).

Prefix: ati

Root: kram (class 1)

देशान् (deśān) - countries, regions

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of deśa

deśa - country, region, place, spot

आयतनानि (āyatanāni) - sacred places, holy sites, temples

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of āyatana

āyatana - residence, abode, sacred place, temple, altar

Prefix: ā

Root: yat (class 1)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

धर्म्याणि (dharmyāṇi) - righteous, lawful, sacred, related to natural law (dharma)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, plural of dharmya

dharmya - conforming to natural law (dharma), righteous, lawful, sacred, virtuous

Derived from 'dharma' with the suffix 'ya' (taddhita).

रमणीयानि (ramaṇīyāni) - delightful, charming, pleasant, beautiful

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, plural of ramaṇīya

ramaṇīya - delightful, charming, pleasant, beautiful

Gerundive

Formed from the root 'ram' with the gerundive suffix '-anīya'.

Root: ram (class 1)

प्रेक्षमाणः (prekṣamāṇaḥ) - seeing, observing, looking at

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prekṣamāṇa

prekṣamāṇa - seeing, observing, looking at, beholding

Present Middle Participle

Formed from the root 'īkṣ' (to see) with prefix 'pra' and the present middle participle suffix 'śānac'.

Prefix: pra

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

ययौ (yayau) - went

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of yā

Root: yā (class 2)

प्रभुः (prabhuḥ) - Arjuna (lord, master, mighty one, powerful)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prabhu

prabhu - lord, master, powerful, mighty, capable

Prefix: pra

Root: bhū (class 1)