महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-207, verse-11

स तु तैरभ्यनुज्ञातः कुन्तीपुत्रो धनंजयः ।
सहायैरल्पकैः शूरः प्रययौ येन सागरम् ॥११॥

11. sa tu tairabhyanujñātaḥ kuntīputro dhanaṁjayaḥ ,
sahāyairalpakaiḥ śūraḥ prayayau yena sāgaram.

11. saḥ tu taiḥ abhyanujñātaḥ kuntīputraḥ dhanañjayaḥ
sahayaiḥ alpakaiḥ śūraḥ prayayau yena sāgaram

11. Having received permission from them, that heroic son of Kunti (Kuntīputra), Arjuna (Dhanañjaya), set out with a few companions towards the ocean.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, yet, on the other hand

• तैः (taiḥ) - by them

• अभ्यनुज्ञातः (abhyanujñātaḥ) - permitted, given leave, sanctioned

• कुन्तीपुत्रः (kuntīputraḥ) - Arjuna (son of Kunti)

• धनञ्जयः (dhanañjayaḥ) - Arjuna (conqueror of wealth)

• सहायैः (sahāyaiḥ) - with helpers, with companions

• अल्पकैः (alpakaiḥ) - with few, with small ones

• शूरः (śūraḥ) - heroic, brave man, warrior

• प्रययौ (prayayau) - went forth, set out

• येन (yena) - by which, by which way, to where

• सागरम् (sāgaram) - to the ocean

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तु (tu) - but, indeed, yet, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

तैः (taiḥ) - by them

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अभ्यनुज्ञातः (abhyanujñātaḥ) - permitted, given leave, sanctioned

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of abhyanujñāta

abhyanujñāta - permitted, allowed, sanctioned

Past Passive Participle

From the root 'jñā' with prefixes 'abhi' and 'anu', forming 'abhi-anu-jñā' + past passive participle suffix 'kta'.

Prefixes: abhi+anu

Root: jñā (class 9)

कुन्तीपुत्रः (kuntīputraḥ) - Arjuna (son of Kunti)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kuntīputra

kuntīputra - son of Kunti

Compound type : tatpurusha (kuntī+putra)

• kuntī – name of a princess, mother of the Pāṇḍavas
  proper noun (feminine)
• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)

धनञ्जयः (dhanañjayaḥ) - Arjuna (conqueror of wealth)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhanañjaya

dhanañjaya - conqueror of wealth; a name for Arjuna

Compound type : aluk-tatpurusha (dhana+jaya)

• dhana – wealth, riches, property
  noun (neuter)
• jaya – victory, triumph, conquest; victorious
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from the root 'ji' (to conquer).
  Root: ji (class 1)

सहायैः (sahāyaiḥ) - with helpers, with companions

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sahāya

sahāya - helper, assistant, companion, ally

अल्पकैः (alpakaiḥ) - with few, with small ones

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of alpaka

alpaka - small, little, few, insignificant

Diminutive form of 'alpa'.

शूरः (śūraḥ) - heroic, brave man, warrior

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śūra

śūra - hero, warrior, brave, powerful

प्रययौ (prayayau) - went forth, set out

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of pra-yā

Prefix: pra

Root: yā (class 2)

येन (yena) - by which, by which way, to where

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that

Note: Here used adverbially to indicate direction or path ('by which way' or 'to where').

सागरम् (sāgaram) - to the ocean

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sāgara

sāgara - ocean, sea