महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-177, verse-13

मद्रराजस्तथा शल्यः सहपुत्रो महारथः ।
रुक्माङ्गदेन वीरेण तथा रुक्मरथेन च ॥१३॥

13. madrarājastathā śalyaḥ sahaputro mahārathaḥ ,
rukmāṅgadena vīreṇa tathā rukmarathena ca.

13. madrarājaḥ tathā śalyaḥ sahaputraḥ mahārathaḥ
rukmāṅgadena vīreṇa tathā rukmarathena ca

13. And Śalya, the king of Madra and a great chariot-warrior, was accompanied by his son. Additionally, the heroic Rukmāṅgada and Rukmaratha were also there.

Words meanings summery:

• मद्रराजः (madrarājaḥ) - the king of Madra (referring to Śalya) (king of Madra)

• तथा (tathā) - and, likewise (thus, so, likewise, also)

• शल्यः (śalyaḥ) - Śalya (a proper name, the king of Madra) (spear, dart)

• सहपुत्रः (sahaputraḥ) - accompanied by his son (with a son, having a son)

• महारथः (mahārathaḥ) - a great chariot-warrior (an epithet for Śalya) (a great chariot-warrior, great warrior)

• रुक्माङ्गदेन (rukmāṅgadena) - by Rukmāṅgada (a proper name) (by Rukmāṅgada)

• वीरेण (vīreṇa) - by the hero (qualifying Rukmāṅgada) (by the hero, by the brave one)

• तथा (tathā) - and, likewise (thus, so, likewise, also)

• रुक्मरथेन (rukmarathena) - by Rukmaratha (a proper name) (by Rukmaratha)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

Words meanings and morphology

मद्रराजः (madrarājaḥ) - the king of Madra (referring to Śalya) (king of Madra)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of madrarāja

madrarāja - king of Madra (a country)

Compound type : Tatpurusha (madra+rājan)

• madra – name of a country or its people
  proper noun (masculine)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)

तथा (tathā) - and, likewise (thus, so, likewise, also)

(indeclinable)

शल्यः (śalyaḥ) - Śalya (a proper name, the king of Madra) (spear, dart)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śalya

śalya - dart, spear, a proper name

सहपुत्रः (sahaputraḥ) - accompanied by his son (with a son, having a son)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sahaputra

sahaputra - with a son, having a son

Bahuvrihi compound with saha as prefix, meaning 'accompanied by'

Compound type : Bahuvrihi (saha+putra)

• saha – with, accompanied by
  indeclinable
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies Śalya.

महारथः (mahārathaḥ) - a great chariot-warrior (an epithet for Śalya) (a great chariot-warrior, great warrior)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāratha

mahāratha - a great chariot-warrior, one who can fight alone against many warriors

Compound type : Karmadharaya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Qualifies Śalya.

रुक्माङ्गदेन (rukmāṅgadena) - by Rukmāṅgada (a proper name) (by Rukmāṅgada)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of rukmāṅgada

rukmāṅgada - having golden ornaments, Rukmāṅgada (a proper name)

Compound type : Bahuvrihi (rukma+aṅgada)

• rukma – gold, golden ornament
  noun (neuter)
  Root: ruc (class 1)
• aṅgada – armlet, bracelet, ornament
  noun (neuter)

वीरेण (vīreṇa) - by the hero (qualifying Rukmāṅgada) (by the hero, by the brave one)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vīra

vīra - hero, brave, valiant

Root: vī (class 2)

तथा (tathā) - and, likewise (thus, so, likewise, also)

(indeclinable)

रुक्मरथेन (rukmarathena) - by Rukmaratha (a proper name) (by Rukmaratha)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of rukmaratha

rukmaratha - having a golden chariot, Rukmaratha (a proper name)

Compound type : Bahuvrihi (rukma+ratha)

• rukma – gold, golden ornament
  noun (neuter)
  Root: ruc (class 1)
• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ram (class 1)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)