महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-167, verse-9

सा तमग्निसमं विप्रमनुचिन्त्य सरिद्वरा ।
शतधा विद्रुता यस्माच्छतद्रुरिति विश्रुता ॥९॥

9. sā tamagnisamaṁ vipramanucintya saridvarā ,
śatadhā vidrutā yasmācchatadruriti viśrutā.

9. sā tam agnisamam vipram anucintya sarit varā
śatadhā vidrutā yasmāt śatadruḥ iti viśrutā

9. The best of rivers, having considered that brahmin (vipra) to be like fire, split into a hundred branches, and thus she became known as Śatadru.

Words meanings summery:

• सा (sā) - the river (she, that)

• तम् (tam) - the sage (him, that)

• अग्निसमम् (agnisamam) - fire-like, similar to fire

• विप्रम् (vipram) - brahmin, sage, inspired person

• अनुचिन्त्य (anucintya) - having considered, having thought about

• सरित् (sarit) - river

• वरा (varā) - best, excellent, eminent

• शतधा (śatadhā) - in a hundred ways, into a hundred parts/branches

• विद्रुता (vidrutā) - fled, scattered, split

• यस्मात् (yasmāt) - because of the sage (from whom, from which, because of which)

• शतद्रुः (śatadruḥ) - Śatadru (proper noun, name of a river)

• इति (iti) - thus, in this manner, marking quotation

• विश्रुता (viśrutā) - renowned, famous, known

Words meanings and morphology

सा (sā) - the river (she, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तम् (tam) - the sage (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अग्निसमम् (agnisamam) - fire-like, similar to fire

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of agnisama

agnisama - similar to fire

Compound type : tatpurusha (agni+sama)

• agni – fire, god of fire Agni
  noun (masculine)
• sama – equal, similar, same
  adjective (masculine)

विप्रम् (vipram) - brahmin, sage, inspired person

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vipra

vipra - brahmin, sage, priest, inspired person

अनुचिन्त्य (anucintya) - having considered, having thought about

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

form from root cint with prefix anu and suffix -ya

Prefix: anu

Root: cint (class 10)

सरित् (sarit) - river

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of sarit

sarit - river, stream

Root: sṛ (class 1)

वरा (varā) - best, excellent, eminent

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of varā

varā - best, excellent, distinguished, chosen

feminine form of vara

Root: vṛ (class 9)

शतधा (śatadhā) - in a hundred ways, into a hundred parts/branches

(indeclinable)

suffix -dhā from śata

विद्रुता (vidrutā) - fled, scattered, split

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of dru

dru - to run, to flow, to flee

Past Passive Participle

feminine nominative singular of Past Passive Participle vidruta

Prefix: vi

Root: dru (class 1)

यस्मात् (yasmāt) - because of the sage (from whom, from which, because of which)

(pronoun)

Ablative, singular of yad

yad - which, who, what

शतद्रुः (śatadruḥ) - Śatadru (proper noun, name of a river)

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of śatadru

śatadru - having a hundred streams/channels (name of a river, modern Sutlej)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (śata+dru)

• śata – hundred
  noun (neuter)
• dru – running, flowing, tree
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dru (class 1)

इति (iti) - thus, in this manner, marking quotation

(indeclinable)

विश्रुता (viśrutā) - renowned, famous, known

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of śru

śru - to hear, to listen

Past Passive Participle

feminine nominative singular of Past Passive Participle viśruta

Prefix: vi

Root: śru (class 5)