महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-105, verse-25

सोऽभिवाद्य पितुः पादौ कौसल्यानन्दवर्धनः ।
यथार्हं मानयामास पौरजानपदानपि ॥२५॥

25. so'bhivādya pituḥ pādau kausalyānandavardhanaḥ ,
yathārhaṁ mānayāmāsa paurajānapadānapi.

25. saḥ abhivādya pituḥ pādau kausalyānandavardhanaḥ
yathārham mānayāmāsa paurajānapadān api

25. He, who augmented Kausalya's joy, after saluting his father's feet, also honored the citizens and rural folk appropriately.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he

• अभिवाद्य (abhivādya) - having bowed down, having saluted, having paid respects

• पितुः (pituḥ) - of the father

• पादौ (pādau) - two feet

• कौसल्यानन्दवर्धनः (kausalyānandavardhanaḥ) - Rāma, as the son who brings joy to Kausalya (he who increases Kausalya's joy, augmenter of Kausalya's joy)

• यथार्हम् (yathārham) - as was fitting, appropriately, properly

• मानयामास (mānayāmāsa) - he honored, he paid respect

• पौरजानपदान् (paurajānapadān) - the citizens and rural folk, the townsfolk and countryfolk

• अपि (api) - also, even

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Rāma.

अभिवाद्य (abhivādya) - having bowed down, having saluted, having paid respects

(indeclinable)

absolutive/gerund

Formed from prefix abhi- and root vad- (to speak, to salute) with suffix -ya (absolutive).

Prefix: abhi

Root: vad (class 1)

Note: Describes an action completed before the main verb 'mānayāmāsa'.

पितुः (pituḥ) - of the father

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father

Note: Possessive, 'of the father'.

पादौ (pādau) - two feet

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of pāda

pāda - foot

Note: Object of 'abhivādya'.

कौसल्यानन्दवर्धनः (kausalyānandavardhanaḥ) - Rāma, as the son who brings joy to Kausalya (he who increases Kausalya's joy, augmenter of Kausalya's joy)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kausalyānandavardhana

kausalyānandavardhana - augmenter of Kausalya's joy, one who increases Kausalya's delight

Compound of Kausalyā (proper noun), ānanda (joy), and vardhana (increasing).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kausalyā+ānanda+vardhana)

• kausalyā – Kausalya (mother of Rama)
  proper noun (feminine)
• ānanda – joy, delight, happiness
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: nand (class 1)
• vardhana – increasing, augmenting, causing to grow
  adjective
  Agent noun / Action noun
  From root vṛdh- (to grow, increase) with the agent suffix -ana.
  Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Epithet for the subject, Rāma.

यथार्हम् (yathārham) - as was fitting, appropriately, properly

(indeclinable)

Avyayībhāva compound of yathā (as) and arha (fitting/deserved).

Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+arha)

• yathā – as, just as, according to
  indeclinable
• arha – deserving, fit, proper
  adjective

Note: Modifies the verb 'mānayāmāsa'.

मानयामास (mānayāmāsa) - he honored, he paid respect

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of man

Periphrastic Perfect Active

Derived from the causative stem mānay- (from root man-, class 8) and the periphrastic perfect auxiliary āsa (from as-, to be).

Root: man (class 8)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

पौरजानपदान् (paurajānapadān) - the citizens and rural folk, the townsfolk and countryfolk

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of paurajānapada

paurajānapada - citizens and rural people, townsfolk and country dwellers

Dvanda compound of paura (citizen) and jānapada (countryman).

Compound type : dvandva (paura+jānapada)

• paura – citizen, townsman
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from pura (city).
• jānapada – countryman, rural inhabitant
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from janapada (country, district).

Note: Object of 'mānayāmāsa'.

अपि (api) - also, even

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes that both citizens and rural folk were honored.