महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-105, verse-23

प्रत्युद्ययुस्तं संप्राप्तं सर्वे भीष्मपुरोगमाः ।
ते नदूरमिवाध्वानं गत्वा नागपुरालयाः ।
आवृतं ददृशुर्लोकं हृष्टा बहुविधैर्जनैः ॥२३॥

23. pratyudyayustaṁ saṁprāptaṁ sarve bhīṣmapurogamāḥ ,
te nadūramivādhvānaṁ gatvā nāgapurālayāḥ ,
āvṛtaṁ dadṛśurlokaṁ hṛṣṭā bahuvidhairjanaiḥ.

23. pratyudyayuḥ tam samprāptam sarve
bhīṣmapurogamāḥ te nadūram iva
adhvānam gatvā nāgpurālayāḥ āvṛtam
dadṛśuḥ lokam hṛṣṭāḥ bahuvidhaiḥ janaiḥ

23. All of them, with Bhīṣma at the forefront, went out to meet him upon his arrival. Having traveled not far, those inhabitants of Nāgapura joyfully saw the area surrounded by people of many kinds.

Words meanings summery:

• प्रत्युद्ययुः (pratyudyayuḥ) - they went out to meet, they advanced to meet

• तम् (tam) - him, that

• सम्प्राप्तम् (samprāptam) - arrived, obtained, attained

• सर्वे (sarve) - all, everyone

• भीष्मपुरोगमाः (bhīṣmapurogamāḥ) - having Bhīṣma as their leader, led by Bhīṣma

• ते (te) - those (people), they

• नदूरम् (nadūram) - not far, a short distance

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• अध्वानम् (adhvānam) - path, road, journey

• गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone

• नाग्पुरालयाः (nāgpurālayāḥ) - residents of Nāgapura

• आवृतम् (āvṛtam) - covered, surrounded, enveloped

• ददृशुः (dadṛśuḥ) - they saw

• लोकम् (lokam) - area, place (world, people, multitude, place)

• हृष्टाः (hṛṣṭāḥ) - joyful, delighted, happy

• बहुविधैः (bahuvidhaiḥ) - by many kinds of, by various sorts of

• जनैः (janaiḥ) - by people, by folk

Words meanings and morphology

प्रत्युद्ययुः (pratyudyayuḥ) - they went out to meet, they advanced to meet

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of i

Perfect Active Third Plural

From root i (to go) with prefixes prati- and ud-.

Prefixes: prati+ud

Root: i (class 2)

तम् (tam) - him, that

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, him

सम्प्राप्तम् (samprāptam) - arrived, obtained, attained

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of samprāpta

samprāpta - arrived, reached, obtained

Past Passive Participle

From root āp with prefixes sam-pra-.

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Past Passive Participle, agreeing with 'tam'.

सर्वे (sarve) - all, everyone

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

भीष्मपुरोगमाः (bhīṣmapurogamāḥ) - having Bhīṣma as their leader, led by Bhīṣma

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhīṣmapurogama

bhīṣmapurogama - with Bhīṣma at the head, led by Bhīṣma

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (bhīṣma+puras+gama)

• bhīṣma – Bhīṣma (proper name), terrible, formidable
  proper noun (masculine)
  Root: bhī
• puras – in front, before
  indeclinable
  Adverbial form.
• gama – going, moving, leading
  adjective (masculine)
  Kṛt suffix
  From root gam (to go) with suffix -a.
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Bahuvrīhi compound describing 'sarve'.

ते (te) - those (people), they

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

नदूरम् (nadūram) - not far, a short distance

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of nadūra

nadūra - not far, near

Negative tatpuruṣa compound of na and dūra.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (na+dūra)

• na – not, no
  indeclinable
• dūra – far, distant, remote
  adjective (neuter)

Note: Used adverbially.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

अध्वानम् (adhvānam) - path, road, journey

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of adhvan

adhvan - path, road, journey

Note: Object of 'gatvā'.

गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root gam with suffix -tvā.

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Absolutive (gerund).

नाग्पुरालयाः (nāgpurālayāḥ) - residents of Nāgapura

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nāgpurālaya

nāgpurālaya - an inhabitant of Nāgapura

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nāgapura+ālaya)

• nāgapura – city of Nāgas (serpents), name of a city/region
  proper noun (neuter)
• ālaya – dwelling, abode, inhabitant
  noun (masculine)
  From root lī with prefix ā-.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: lī (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'dadṛśuḥ'.

आवृतम् (āvṛtam) - covered, surrounded, enveloped

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of āvṛta

āvṛta - covered, surrounded, enveloped

Past Passive Participle

From root vṛ with prefix ā-.

Prefix: ā

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Past Passive Participle, agreeing with 'lokam'.

ददृशुः (dadṛśuḥ) - they saw

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of dṛś

Perfect Active Third Plural

From root dṛś, reduplicated perfect stem dadṛś.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

लोकम् (lokam) - area, place (world, people, multitude, place)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of loka

loka - world, people, space, multitude

Root: lok (class 1)

Note: Object of 'dadṛśuḥ'.

हृष्टाः (hṛṣṭāḥ) - joyful, delighted, happy

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of hṛṣṭa

hṛṣṭa - glad, delighted, thrilled

Past Passive Participle

From root hṛṣ (to rejoice).

Root: hṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Past Passive Participle, agreeing with 'nāgpurālayāḥ' (the subjects).

बहुविधैः (bahuvidhaiḥ) - by many kinds of, by various sorts of

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bahuvidha

bahuvidha - of many kinds, manifold, various

Compound type : karmadhāraya (bahu+vidha)

• bahu – much, many, numerous
  adjective (masculine)
• vidha – kind, sort, manner
  noun (masculine)
  From root dhā with prefix vi-.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Agreeing with 'janaiḥ'.

जनैः (janaiḥ) - by people, by folk

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of jana

jana - person, man, people

From root jan (to be born).

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Agent of the surrounding ('āvṛtam').