दुर्गा-सप्तशती
durgā-saptaśatī
-
chapter-12, verse-9
रुचिरुवाच ।
परिग्रहोऽतिदुःखाय पापायाधोगतेस्तथा ।
भवत्यतो मया पूर्वं न कृतो दारसंग्रहः ॥९॥
परिग्रहोऽतिदुःखाय पापायाधोगतेस्तथा ।
भवत्यतो मया पूर्वं न कृतो दारसंग्रहः ॥९॥
9. ruciruvāca .
parigraho'tiduḥkhāya pāpāyādhogatestathā .
bhavatyato mayā pūrvaṃ na kṛto dārasaṃgrahaḥ.
parigraho'tiduḥkhāya pāpāyādhogatestathā .
bhavatyato mayā pūrvaṃ na kṛto dārasaṃgrahaḥ.
9.
ruciḥ uvāca parigrahaḥ atiduḥkhāya pāpāya adhogateḥ
tathā bhavati ataḥ mayā pūrvam na kṛtaḥ dārasaṃgrahaḥ
tathā bhavati ataḥ mayā pūrvam na kṛtaḥ dārasaṃgrahaḥ
9.
Ruci said: Acquiring (a wife) leads to great suffering, to sin, and likewise to degradation. Therefore, I previously did not undertake marriage.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- रुचिः (ruciḥ) - Ruci (name of a sage/Prajapati)
- उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke
- परिग्रहः (parigrahaḥ) - acquiring a wife, marriage (taking, seizing, acquisition, possession; marriage)
- अतिदुःखाय (atiduḥkhāya) - for great suffering, leading to extreme pain
- पापाय (pāpāya) - for sin, leading to sin
- अधोगतेः (adhogateḥ) - leading to degradation or a lower state of being (of degradation, from a lower state; (leading) to degradation)
- तथा (tathā) - and likewise (thus, so, in that manner, likewise, and)
- भवति (bhavati) - it becomes, it occurs, it is
- अतः (ataḥ) - therefore, hence, from this
- मया (mayā) - by me
- पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - previously, formerly, before
- न (na) - not, no
- कृतः (kṛtaḥ) - undertaken (done, made, performed)
- दारसंग्रहः (dārasaṁgrahaḥ) - marriage, taking a wife
Words meanings and morphology
रुचिः (ruciḥ) - Ruci (name of a sage/Prajapati)
(proper noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of ruci
ruci - light, splendor, taste, liking, pleasure; a proper name (Ruci)
Root: ruc (class 1)
उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac
perfect active
parasmāipada, 2nd conjugation root. Irregular perfect form from root 'vac'.
Root: vac (class 2)
परिग्रहः (parigrahaḥ) - acquiring a wife, marriage (taking, seizing, acquisition, possession; marriage)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of parigraha
parigraha - taking, grasping, seizing, acquisition, possession, property; marriage; dependants
From prefix 'pari-' + root 'grah' (to seize) + suffix 'a'.
Prefix: pari
Root: grah (class 9)
अतिदुःखाय (atiduḥkhāya) - for great suffering, leading to extreme pain
(noun)
Dative, neuter, singular of atiduḥkha
atiduḥkha - great pain, excessive sorrow, extreme suffering
Compound of 'ati' (excessive) and 'duḥkha' (pain).
Compound type : karmadhāraya (ati+duḥkha)
- ati – exceeding, beyond, very, excessively
indeclinable
Preposition/prefix used as an intensifier. - duḥkha – suffering, pain, sorrow, misery
noun (neuter)
From 'dus' (bad) + 'kha' (wheel's hole, axle-hole; space).
पापाय (pāpāya) - for sin, leading to sin
(noun)
Dative, neuter, singular of pāpa
pāpa - evil, wicked; sin, vice, evil deed
अधोगतेः (adhogateḥ) - leading to degradation or a lower state of being (of degradation, from a lower state; (leading) to degradation)
(noun)
Genitive, feminine, singular of adhogati
adhogati - downward course, descent, degradation, falling to a lower state
Compound of 'adhas' (downward) + 'gati' (going, state).
Compound type : tatpurusha (adhas+gati)
- adhas – below, downward, under
indeclinable - gati – going, motion, course, state, condition, destination
noun (feminine)
From root 'gam' (to go) + 'kti' suffix.
Root: gam (class 1)
Note: Functions as 'leading to' a lower state here due to parallel with dative forms.
तथा (tathā) - and likewise (thus, so, in that manner, likewise, and)
(indeclinable)
भवति (bhavati) - it becomes, it occurs, it is
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of bhū
present active
parasmāipada, 1st conjugation, present tense
Root: bhū (class 1)
अतः (ataḥ) - therefore, hence, from this
(indeclinable)
From pronoun 'idam' (this) + 'tasi' suffix.
मया (mayā) - by me
(pronoun)
Instrumental, singular of mad
mad - I, me (pronoun)
Instrumental singular form of 'asmad'.
पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - previously, formerly, before
(indeclinable)
Adverbial use of neuter accusative singular.
Note: Adverbial form.
न (na) - not, no
(indeclinable)
कृतः (kṛtaḥ) - undertaken (done, made, performed)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛta
kṛta - done, made, performed, accomplished
Past Passive Participle
From root 'kṛ' (to do) + 'kta' (ta) suffix.
Root: kṛ (class 8)
Note: Used in a passive construction with 'mayā' (by me).
दारसंग्रहः (dārasaṁgrahaḥ) - marriage, taking a wife
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of dārasaṃgraha
dārasaṁgraha - taking a wife, marriage, cohabitation
Compound noun.
Compound type : tatpurusha (dāra+saṃgraha)
- dāra – wife (often plural in this sense)
noun (masculine)
Often used in plural 'dārāḥ' (wives/wife). - saṃgraha – taking, gathering, collecting, acquisition, comprehension
noun (masculine)
From prefix 'sam-' + root 'grah' (to seize) + suffix 'a'.
Prefix: sam
Root: grah (class 9)