दुर्गा-सप्तशती
durgā-saptaśatī
-
chapter-12, verse-20
विहिताकरणात्पुंभिरसद्भिः क्रियते तु यः ।
संयमो मुक्तये नासौ प्रत्युताऽधोगतिप्रदः ॥२०॥
संयमो मुक्तये नासौ प्रत्युताऽधोगतिप्रदः ॥२०॥
20. vihitākaraṇātpuṃbhirasadbhiḥ kriyate tu yaḥ .
saṃyamo muktaye nāsau pratyutā'dhogatipradaḥ.
saṃyamo muktaye nāsau pratyutā'dhogatipradaḥ.
20.
vihitākaraṇāt puṃbhiḥ asadbhiḥ kriyate tu yaḥ |
saṃyamaḥ muktaye na asau pratyuta adhogatipradaḥ
saṃyamaḥ muktaye na asau pratyuta adhogatipradaḥ
20.
Indeed, the self-control (saṃyama) that is practiced by wicked men who neglect their prescribed duties (dharma) does not lead to final liberation (mokṣa); on the contrary, it causes degradation.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- विहिताकरणात् (vihitākaraṇāt) - from the non-performance of prescribed actions, from the omission of duties
- पुंभिः (puṁbhiḥ) - by men, by males
- असद्भिः (asadbhiḥ) - by wicked people, by unrighteous ones
- क्रियते (kriyate) - is done, is performed
- तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand
- यः (yaḥ) - Refers to `saṃyamaḥ`. (which, who)
- संयमः (saṁyamaḥ) - self-control, restraint, discipline
- मुक्तये (muktaye) - for final liberation (mokṣa) (for liberation, for freedom)
- न (na) - not
- असौ (asau) - Refers to `saṃyamaḥ`. (that, this)
- प्रत्युत (pratyuta) - on the contrary, rather, but
- अधोगतिप्रदः (adhogatipradaḥ) - giving a lower state, causing degradation, leading to downfall
Words meanings and morphology
विहिताकरणात् (vihitākaraṇāt) - from the non-performance of prescribed actions, from the omission of duties
(noun)
Ablative, neuter, singular of vihitākaraṇa
vihitākaraṇa - non-performance of prescribed acts, omission of duty
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vihita+akaraṇa)
- vihita – prescribed, enjoined, performed, ordered
adjective (neuter)
Past Passive Participle
From `vi-dhā` (to place, arrange, prescribe). `vi` is upasarga, `dhā` is root.
Prefix: vi
Root: dhā (class 3) - akaraṇa – not doing, non-performance, omission
noun (neuter)
`a` (negation) + `karaṇa` (doing, act).
Root: kṛ (class 8)
पुंभिः (puṁbhiḥ) - by men, by males
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of puṃs
puṁs - man, male, person, human being
असद्भिः (asadbhiḥ) - by wicked people, by unrighteous ones
(adjective)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of asat
asat - bad, wicked, unrighteous, non-existent
`a` (negation) + `sat` (being, existing, good, virtuous).
Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+sat)
- a – not, un-
indeclinable - sat – being, existing, good, virtuous, real
adjective (masculine)
Present Active Participle
From `as` (to be).
Root: as (class 2)
Note: Qualifies `puṃbhiḥ`.
क्रियते (kriyate) - is done, is performed
(verb)
3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of kṛ
Present Passive
3rd person singular, present tense, passive voice.
Root: kṛ (class 8)
तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand
(indeclinable)
यः (yaḥ) - Refers to `saṃyamaḥ`. (which, who)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of yad
yad - which, who, what (relative pronoun)
Note: Relative pronoun.
संयमः (saṁyamaḥ) - self-control, restraint, discipline
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃyama
saṁyama - self-control, restraint, discipline, checking, controlling
From `sam-yam` (to hold together, restrain).
Prefix: sam
Root: yam (class 1)
Note: The subject of the sentence.
मुक्तये (muktaye) - for final liberation (mokṣa) (for liberation, for freedom)
(noun)
Dative, feminine, singular of mukti
mukti - liberation, release, freedom, emancipation
From `muc` (to release).
Root: muc (class 6)
न (na) - not
(indeclinable)
असौ (asau) - Refers to `saṃyamaḥ`. (that, this)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of adas
adas - that, this (demonstrative pronoun)
Note: Demonstrative pronoun.
प्रत्युत (pratyuta) - on the contrary, rather, but
(indeclinable)
अधोगतिप्रदः (adhogatipradaḥ) - giving a lower state, causing degradation, leading to downfall
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of adhogatiprada
adhogatiprada - leading to a lower state, causing degradation
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (adhogati+prada)
- adhogati – degradation, downfall, lower state, going downwards
noun (feminine)
`adhaḥ` (down) + `gati` (going, state).
Root: gam (class 1) - prada – giving, bestowing, granting
adjective (masculine)
From `pra-dā` (to give).
Prefix: pra
Root: dā (class 3)
Note: Predicative adjective for `saṃyamaḥ`.