दुर्गा-सप्तशती
durgā-saptaśatī
-
chapter-12, verse-22
अविद्याप्युपकाराय विषवज्जायते नृणाम् ।
अनुष्ठिताभ्युपायेन बन्धायान्यायतो हि सा ॥२२॥
अनुष्ठिताभ्युपायेन बन्धायान्यायतो हि सा ॥२२॥
22. avidyāpyupakārāya viṣavajjāyate nṛṇām .
anuṣṭhitābhyupāyena bandhāyānyāyato hi sā.
anuṣṭhitābhyupāyena bandhāyānyāyato hi sā.
22.
avidyā api upakārāya viṣavat jāyate nṛṇām |
anuṣṭhitābhyupāyena bandhāyā anyāyataḥ hi sā
anuṣṭhitābhyupāyena bandhāyā anyāyataḥ hi sā
22.
Even ignorance (avidyā), like poison, can become beneficial to people if utilized through appropriate means (dharma). But when approached unjustly, it certainly leads to bondage.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- अविद्या (avidyā) - ignorance, non-knowledge
- अपि (api) - even, also, too
- उपकाराय (upakārāya) - for help, for benefit, for assistance
- विषवत् (viṣavat) - like poison, poisonous
- जायते (jāyate) - is born, arises, comes into being, becomes
- नृणाम् (nṛṇām) - of men, of people
- अनुष्ठिताभ्युपायेन (anuṣṭhitābhyupāyena) - by appropriate means (by means of proper practice/application, by means of performed methods)
- बन्धाया (bandhāyā) - for bondage, for fettering
- अन्यायतः (anyāyataḥ) - unjustly, unlawfully, unrighteously
- हि (hi) - Emphasizes the certainty. (indeed, for, because)
- सा (sā) - Refers to `avidyā` (feminine). (she, that)
Words meanings and morphology
अविद्या (avidyā) - ignorance, non-knowledge
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of avidyā
avidyā - ignorance, non-knowledge, spiritual ignorance
`a` (negation) + `vidyā` (knowledge).
Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+vidyā)
- a – not, un-
indeclinable - vidyā – knowledge, learning, science
noun (feminine)
From root `vid` (to know).
Root: vid (class 2)
Note: Subject of `jāyate`.
अपि (api) - even, also, too
(indeclinable)
उपकाराय (upakārāya) - for help, for benefit, for assistance
(noun)
Dative, masculine, singular of upakāra
upakāra - help, assistance, benefit, service
From `upa-kṛ` (to help, benefit).
Prefix: upa
Root: kṛ (class 8)
Note: Purpose.
विषवत् (viṣavat) - like poison, poisonous
(adjective)
Nominative, singular of viṣavat
viṣavat - like poison, poisonous, having poison
From `viṣa` (poison) + `vat` (suffix meaning 'like', 'possessing').
Note: Used adverbially.
जायते (jāyate) - is born, arises, comes into being, becomes
(verb)
3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of jan
Present Middle
3rd person singular, present tense, middle voice.
Root: jan (class 4)
Note: Verb for `avidyā`.
नृणाम् (nṛṇām) - of men, of people
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, plural of nṛ
nṛ - man, human being, person
Note: Of `nṛ`.
अनुष्ठिताभ्युपायेन (anuṣṭhitābhyupāyena) - by appropriate means (by means of proper practice/application, by means of performed methods)
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, singular of anuṣṭhitābhyupāya
anuṣṭhitābhyupāya - means of proper performance, correctly applied method
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (anuṣṭhita+abhyupāya)
- anuṣṭhita – performed, practiced, observed, accomplished
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
From `anu-sthā` (to perform, observe).
Prefix: anu
Root: sthā (class 1) - abhyupāya – means, method, resource, approach
noun (masculine)
From `abhi-upa-i` (to go towards, approach).
Prefixes: abhi+upa
Root: i (class 2)
Note: Instrument of `jāyate` in the implied sense of 'becomes beneficial by means of'.
बन्धाया (bandhāyā) - for bondage, for fettering
(noun)
Dative, masculine, singular of bandha
bandha - bondage, fettering, tying, imprisonment
From `bandh` (to bind).
Root: bandh (class 9)
Note: Purpose.
अन्यायतः (anyāyataḥ) - unjustly, unlawfully, unrighteously
(indeclinable)
From `anyāya` (injustice) + suffix `tas` (indicating origin/manner).
Note: Describes the manner of pursuit/application.
हि (hi) - Emphasizes the certainty. (indeed, for, because)
(indeclinable)
Particle.
Note: Enclitic particle.
सा (sā) - Refers to `avidyā` (feminine). (she, that)
(pronoun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of tad
tad - that, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)
Feminine nominative singular of `tad`.
Note: Subject (understood verb 'is').