दुर्गा-सप्तशती
durgā-saptaśatī
-
chapter-12, verse-18
रुचिरुवाच ।
अविद्या पठ्यते वेदः कर्ममार्गः पितामहाः ।
तत्कथं कर्मणो मार्गे भवन्तो योजयन्ति माम् ॥१८॥
अविद्या पठ्यते वेदः कर्ममार्गः पितामहाः ।
तत्कथं कर्मणो मार्गे भवन्तो योजयन्ति माम् ॥१८॥
18. ruciruvāca .
avidyā paṭhyate vedaḥ karmamārgaḥ pitāmahāḥ .
tatkathaṃ karmaṇo mārge bhavanto yojayanti mām.
avidyā paṭhyate vedaḥ karmamārgaḥ pitāmahāḥ .
tatkathaṃ karmaṇo mārge bhavanto yojayanti mām.
18.
ruciḥ uvāca avidyā paṭhyate vedaḥ karmamārgaḥ pitāmahāḥ
tat katham karmaṇaḥ mārge bhavantaḥ yojayanti mām
tat katham karmaṇaḥ mārge bhavantaḥ yojayanti mām
18.
Ruci said: 'O grandfathers, the Veda and the path of action (karma) are taught to be ignorance (avidyā). Therefore, how can you engage me in the path of action (karma)?'
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- रुचिः (ruciḥ) - Name of the speaker. (Ruci (proper name))
- उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke
- अविद्या (avidyā) - ignorance (avidyā), spiritual ignorance
- पठ्यते (paṭhyate) - is taught, is recited, is read
- वेदः (vedaḥ) - the Veda, sacred knowledge
- कर्ममार्गः (karmamārgaḥ) - the path of action (karma)
- पितामहाः (pitāmahāḥ) - Ruci addresses his grandfathers. (O grandfathers, O ancestors)
- तत् (tat) - therefore, then, that
- कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner
- कर्मणः (karmaṇaḥ) - of action (karma), of ritual
- मार्गे (mārge) - on the path, in the way
- भवन्तः (bhavantaḥ) - you (plural, respectful)
- योजयन्ति (yojayanti) - engage, employ, yoke, apply
- माम् (mām) - me
Words meanings and morphology
रुचिः (ruciḥ) - Name of the speaker. (Ruci (proper name))
(proper noun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of ruci
ruci - light, luster, taste, liking, pleasure; a proper name
From root ruc.
Root: ruc (class 6)
Note: Subject of uvāca.
उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac
Perfect tense (Lit)
Root vac, perfect active 3rd singular.
Root: vac (class 2)
Note: Past action, Ruci is the agent.
अविद्या (avidyā) - ignorance (avidyā), spiritual ignorance
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of avidyā
avidyā - ignorance, spiritual ignorance, nescience (avidyā)
Nañ-tatpuruṣa compound of 'a' (not) and 'vidyā' (knowledge).
Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+vidyā)
- a – not, non-
indeclinable
Negative prefix. - vidyā – knowledge, learning, science
noun (feminine)
From root vid.
Root: vid (class 2)
Note: Predicate nominative to vedaḥ and karmamārgaḥ.
पठ्यते (paṭhyate) - is taught, is recited, is read
(verb)
3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of paṭh
Present tense, passive voice
From root paṭh (1st class), passive formation.
Root: paṭh (class 1)
Note: Subject is vedaḥ and karmamārgaḥ.
वेदः (vedaḥ) - the Veda, sacred knowledge
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of veda
veda - Veda (sacred texts), knowledge, true knowledge
From root vid.
Root: vid (class 2)
Note: Subject of paṭhyate.
कर्ममार्गः (karmamārgaḥ) - the path of action (karma)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of karmamārga
karmamārga - path of action, path of ritual (karma)
Tatpuruṣa compound of karma (action) and mārga (path).
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (karma+mārga)
- karma – action, deed, work, ritual (karma)
noun (neuter)
Root: kṛ (class 8) - mārga – path, road, way, course
noun (masculine)
From root mṛj.
Root: mṛj (class 2)
Note: Subject of paṭhyate.
पितामहाः (pitāmahāḥ) - Ruci addresses his grandfathers. (O grandfathers, O ancestors)
(noun)
Vocative, masculine, plural of pitāmaha
pitāmaha - paternal grandfather, ancestor
Compound of pitṛ (father) and mahā (great).
Compound type : karmadhāraya (pitṛ+mahā)
- pitṛ – father
noun (masculine) - mahā – great, large, powerful
adjective (masculine)
Note: Addressed to the grandfathers.
तत् (tat) - therefore, then, that
(indeclinable)
Adverbial usage of the pronoun tad.
Note: Introduces a consequence or question.
कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner
(indeclinable)
Interrogative adverb.
Note: Interrogative particle.
कर्मणः (karmaṇaḥ) - of action (karma), of ritual
(noun)
Genitive, neuter, singular of karma
karma - action, deed, work, ritual, destiny (karma)
From root kṛ.
Root: kṛ (class 8)
Note: Possessive, defining mārge.
मार्गे (mārge) - on the path, in the way
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of mārga
mārga - path, road, way, course
From root mṛj.
Root: mṛj (class 2)
Note: Location.
भवन्तः (bhavantaḥ) - you (plural, respectful)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of bhavat
bhavat - you (respectful), being, existing
Present active participle of root bhū, used as a pronoun.
Root: bhū (class 1)
Note: Subject of yojayanti.
योजयन्ति (yojayanti) - engage, employ, yoke, apply
(verb)
3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of yuj
Present tense, active voice, causative stem
From causative stem yoji of root yuj (7th class).
Root: yuj (class 7)
Note: Causative verb, meaning 'cause to be joined/engaged'.
माम् (mām) - me
(pronoun)
Accusative, singular of asmad
asmad - I, me (first person pronoun)
First person pronoun stem.
Note: Object of yojayanti.