योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-7, chapter-46, verse-22

यस्य स्वभावविश्रान्तिः कथं तस्यास्ति भोगिता ।
अस्वभावो हि भोगित्वं तत्क्षये तत्कथं कुतः ॥ २२ ॥

yasya svabhāvaviśrāntiḥ kathaṃ tasyāsti bhogitā ,
asvabhāvo hi bhogitvaṃ tatkṣaye tatkathaṃ kutaḥ 22

22. yasya svabhāva-viśrāntiḥ katham tasya asti bhogitā
asvabhāvaḥ hi bhogitvam tat-kṣaye tat katham kutaḥ

22. yasya svabhāva-viśrāntiḥ asti,
tasya bhogitā katham? hi bhogitvam asvabhāvaḥ.
tat-kṣaye tat katham kutaḥ?

22. For one who rests in his own intrinsic nature (svabhāva), how can there be the state of being an enjoyer? Indeed, enjoyership is not one's true nature (asvabhāva). With the destruction of that [non-essential nature], how or from where could enjoyership possibly arise?

Words meanings summery:

• यस्य (yasya) - whose, of whom, belonging to whom

• स्वभाव-विश्रान्तिः (svabhāva-viśrāntiḥ) - rest in one's own intrinsic nature (svabhāva) (rest in one's own nature, repose in one's essential being)

• कथम् (katham) - how? in what manner?

• तस्य (tasya) - his, of him, to him

• अस्ति (asti) - is, exists

• भोगिता (bhogitā) - enjoyership, the state of being an enjoyer

• अस्वभावः (asvabhāvaḥ) - not one's true intrinsic nature (svabhāva) (not one's own nature, non-essential nature, unnatural)

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

• भोगित्वम् (bhogitvam) - enjoyership, the state of being an enjoyer

• तत्-क्षये (tat-kṣaye) - at the destruction of that, when that ceases

• तत् (tat) - that, it

• कथम् (katham) - how? in what manner?

• कुतः (kutaḥ) - from where? whence? why?

Words meanings and morphology

यस्य (yasya) - whose, of whom, belonging to whom

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who, that

Relative pronoun

स्वभाव-विश्रान्तिः (svabhāva-viśrāntiḥ) - rest in one's own intrinsic nature (svabhāva) (rest in one's own nature, repose in one's essential being)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of svabhāva-viśrānti

svabhāva-viśrānti - rest in one's own nature, repose in one's essential being

Compound of svabhāva (one's own nature) and viśrānti (rest)

Compound type : tatpurusha (svabhāva+viśrānti)

• svabhāva – one's own nature, intrinsic nature, essential quality, innate disposition
  noun (masculine)
  From sva (own) + bhāva (state of being, nature)
• viśrānti – rest, repose, tranquility, cessation
  noun (feminine)
  From vi-√śram (to rest)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: śram (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'asti'.

कथम् (katham) - how? in what manner?

(indeclinable)

Interrogative adverb

तस्य (tasya) - his, of him, to him

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Also used with 'asti' to mean "he has" (literally "there is to him").

अस्ति (asti) - is, exists

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Present Tense, Parasmaipada

Class 2 verb (Adādi)

Root: as (class 2)

Note: The subject is 'bhogitā'.

भोगिता (bhogitā) - enjoyership, the state of being an enjoyer

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of bhogitā

bhogitā - the state of an enjoyer, enjoyership, capacity for enjoyment

From bhogin (an enjoyer) + tā (abstract suffix)

Note: Predicate for 'asti' in an inverted sentence structure.

अस्वभावः (asvabhāvaḥ) - not one's true intrinsic nature (svabhāva) (not one's own nature, non-essential nature, unnatural)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of asvabhāva

asvabhāva - not one's own nature, unnatural, accidental, not inherent

Negative compound a + svabhāva

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+svabhāva)

• a – not, un-, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• svabhāva – one's own nature, intrinsic nature, essential quality, innate disposition
  noun (masculine)
  From sva (own) + bhāva (state of being, nature)

Note: Predicate for 'bhogitvam'.

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

(indeclinable)

Particle of affirmation or causality

Note: Emphasizes the statement.

भोगित्वम् (bhogitvam) - enjoyership, the state of being an enjoyer

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bhogitva

bhogitva - the state of an enjoyer, enjoyership

From bhogin (an enjoyer) + tva (abstract suffix)

Note: Subject of implied 'asti' (is).

तत्-क्षये (tat-kṣaye) - at the destruction of that, when that ceases

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tat-kṣaya

tat-kṣaya - destruction of that, cessation of that

Compound of tad (that) and kṣaya (destruction)

Compound type : tatpurusha (tad+kṣaya)

• tad – that, it
  pronoun
  Demonstrative pronoun
• kṣaya – destruction, decay, loss, end, ruin
  noun (masculine)
  From √kṣi (to perish, destroy)
  Root: kṣi (class 1)

Note: Expresses a condition ("when that is destroyed").

तत् (tat) - that, it

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Subject of implied verb, often syāt (may it be).

कथम् (katham) - how? in what manner?

(indeclinable)

Interrogative adverb

कुतः (kutaḥ) - from where? whence? why?

(indeclinable)

Interrogative adverb

Note: Used emphatically with 'katham'.