योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-5, chapter-16, verse-5

तत्कथं संत्यजाम्येनं जीवामि च कथं मुने ।
एनमर्थं विनिश्चित्य वद मे वदतां वर ॥ ५ ॥

tatkathaṃ saṃtyajāmyenaṃ jīvāmi ca kathaṃ mune ,
enamarthaṃ viniścitya vada me vadatāṃ vara 5

5. tat katham saṃtyajāmi enam jīvāmi ca katham mune
enam artham viniścitya vada me vadatām vara

5. mune vadatām vara tat katham enam saṃtyajāmi ca
katham jīvāmi enam artham viniścitya me vada

5. Therefore, O sage, how can I abandon this, and how can I live? Having decisively determined this matter, please tell it to me, O best among speakers.

Words meanings summery:

• तत् (tat) - therefore (therefore, so, that)

• कथम् (katham) - how (how, why)

• संत्यजामि (saṁtyajāmi) - I abandon (I abandon, I renounce)

• एनम् (enam) - this (attachment/bondage, implied) (this (masculine accusative singular))

• जीवामि (jīvāmi) - I live (I live, I exist)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• कथम् (katham) - how (how, why)

• मुने (mune) - O sage

• एनम् (enam) - this (this (masculine accusative singular))

• अर्थम् (artham) - matter (purpose, meaning, object, matter)

• विनिश्चित्य (viniścitya) - having decisively determined (having ascertained, having determined)

• वद (vada) - tell (tell, speak (imperative))

• मे (me) - to me (to me, for me, my)

• वदताम् (vadatām) - among speakers (of speakers, among those who speak)

• वर (vara) - best (best, excellent, boon)

Words meanings and morphology

तत् (tat) - therefore (therefore, so, that)

(indeclinable)

Note: Indeclinable particle used as an adverb or conjunction.

कथम् (katham) - how (how, why)

(indeclinable)

संत्यजामि (saṁtyajāmi) - I abandon (I abandon, I renounce)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of saṃtyaj

Present Active First Person Singular

Prefixes: sam+tyaj

Root: tyaj (class 1)

एनम् (enam) - this (attachment/bondage, implied) (this (masculine accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ena

ena - this, that

जीवामि (jīvāmi) - I live (I live, I exist)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of jīv

Present Active First Person Singular

Root: jīv (class 1)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

कथम् (katham) - how (how, why)

(indeclinable)

मुने (mune) - O sage

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of muni

muni - sage, ascetic, holy man

एनम् (enam) - this (this (masculine accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ena

ena - this, that

अर्थम् (artham) - matter (purpose, meaning, object, matter)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of artha

artha - meaning, purpose, object, wealth, matter, thing

विनिश्चित्य (viniścitya) - having decisively determined (having ascertained, having determined)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Formed with prefixes vi- and ni- and root ci (cinoti) with suffix -tya. Gerund of vi-ni-√ci.

Prefixes: vi+ni

Root: ci (class 5)

Note: Absolutive (gerund) indicates an action completed before the main verb.

वद (vada) - tell (tell, speak (imperative))

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of vad

Imperative Active Second Person Singular

Root: vad (class 1)

मे (me) - to me (to me, for me, my)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of mad

asmad - I, me

Dative/Genitive singular of 'I' (asmad).

Note: Could also be genitive, but dative fits the context of 'tell to me'.

वदताम् (vadatām) - among speakers (of speakers, among those who speak)

(participle)

Genitive, masculine, plural of vadat

vadat - speaking, telling (as a participle)

Present Active Participle

Present Active Participle of root vad (to speak).

Root: vad (class 1)

वर (vara) - best (best, excellent, boon)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vara

vara - best, excellent, choice, boon, bridegroom

Root: vṛ (class 9)