योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-5, chapter-16, verse-18

आपतत्सु यथाकालं सुखदुःखेष्वनारतम् ।
न हृष्यति ग्लायति यः स मुक्त इति होच्यते ॥ १८ ॥

āpatatsu yathākālaṃ sukhaduḥkheṣvanāratam ,
na hṛṣyati glāyati yaḥ sa mukta iti hocyate 18

18. āpatatsu yathākālam sukhaduḥkheṣu anāratam na
hṛṣyati glāyati yaḥ saḥ muktaḥ iti ha ucyate

18. yaḥ yathākālam anāratam sukhaduḥkheṣu āpatatsu
na hṛṣyati na glāyati saḥ muktaḥ iti ha ucyate

18. The one who neither rejoices nor grieves when joys and sorrows arrive continuously in due course is indeed called liberated (mokṣa).

Words meanings summery:

• आपतत्सु (āpatatsu) - when (joys and sorrows) arrive (in those arriving, in those befalling, when they arrive)

• यथाकालम् (yathākālam) - in due course (according to time, in due course, at the right time)

• सुखदुःखेषु (sukhaduḥkheṣu) - in joys and sorrows

• अनारतम् (anāratam) - continuously (continuously, constantly, without interruption)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• हृष्यति (hṛṣyati) - rejoices (rejoices, becomes glad)

• ग्लायति (glāyati) - grieves (becomes dejected, grieves, pines)

• यः (yaḥ) - who (who, which)

• सः (saḥ) - he (he, that)

• मुक्तः (muktaḥ) - liberated (mokṣa) (liberated, released, free)

• इति (iti) - thus (thus, in this way, (marks direct speech or thought))

• ह (ha) - indeed (indeed, certainly, (enclitic particle))

• उच्यते (ucyate) - is called (is said, is called, is spoken)

Words meanings and morphology

आपतत्सु (āpatatsu) - when (joys and sorrows) arrive (in those arriving, in those befalling, when they arrive)

(participle)

Locative, plural of āpatat

āpatat - arriving, befalling, approaching

Present Active Participle

Derived from root pat (to fall, to fly) with prefix ā (towards) and suffix śatṛ.

Prefix: ā

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Refers to sukhaduḥkheṣu.

यथाकालम् (yathākālam) - in due course (according to time, in due course, at the right time)

(indeclinable)

Avyayībhāva compound.

Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+kāla)

• yathā – as, just as, according to
  indeclinable
• kāla – time, period
  noun (masculine)

सुखदुःखेषु (sukhaduḥkheṣu) - in joys and sorrows

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of sukhaduḥkha

sukhaduḥkha - joy and sorrow, pleasure and pain

Dvandva compound.

Compound type : dvandva (sukha+duḥkha)

• sukha – joy, happiness, pleasure
  noun (neuter)
• duḥkha – sorrow, pain, suffering
  noun (neuter)

अनारतम् (anāratam) - continuously (continuously, constantly, without interruption)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of anārata

anārata - incessant, continuous, uninterrupted

Past Passive Participle

Compound of a (negation) + ārata (stopped).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+ārata)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• ārata – stopped, ceased, begun
  participle
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root ram with prefix ā.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Used adverbially.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

हृष्यति (hṛṣyati) - rejoices (rejoices, becomes glad)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of hṛṣ

Present indicative

From root hṛṣ (class 4).

Root: hṛṣ (class 4)

ग्लायति (glāyati) - grieves (becomes dejected, grieves, pines)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of glā

Present indicative

From root glā (class 2 or 1, often taken as 1 glai).

Root: glā (class 1)

यः (yaḥ) - who (who, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Relative pronoun.

सः (saḥ) - he (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - he, she, it, that

Demonstrative pronoun.

मुक्तः (muktaḥ) - liberated (mokṣa) (liberated, released, free)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mukta

mukta - liberated, released, free

Past Passive Participle

From root muc (to release, to free).

Root: muc (class 6)

Note: Used substantively as an adjective referring to the subject 'yaḥ'.

इति (iti) - thus (thus, in this way, (marks direct speech or thought))

(indeclinable)

Particle marking quotation or statement.

ह (ha) - indeed (indeed, certainly, (enclitic particle))

(indeclinable)

Particle.

Note: Undergoes sandhi with succeeding ucyate to form hochyate.

उच्यते (ucyate) - is called (is said, is called, is spoken)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of vac

Present passive

From root vac (class 2), forms passive ucyate.

Root: vac (class 2)