योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-3, chapter-51, verse-1

श्रीवसिष्ठ उवाच ।
हतो राजा हतो राजा प्रतिराजेन संयुगे ।
इतिशब्दे समुद्भूते राष्ट्रमासीद्भयाकुलम् ॥ १ ॥

śrīvasiṣṭha uvāca ,
hato rājā hato rājā pratirājena saṃyuge ,
itiśabde samudbhūte rāṣṭramāsīdbhayākulam 1

1. śrīvasiṣṭhaḥ uvāca hataḥ rājā hataḥ rājā pratirājena
saṃyuge iti śabde samudbhūte rāṣṭram āsīt bhayākulam

1. śrīvasiṣṭhaḥ uvāca saṃyuge pratirājena rājā hataḥ rājā
hataḥ iti śabde samudbhūte rāṣṭram bhayākulam āsīt

1. Śrī Vasiṣṭha said: 'The king is slain! The king is slain by the rival king in battle!' When this cry arose, the kingdom became agitated with fear.

Words meanings summery:

• श्रीवसिष्ठः (śrīvasiṣṭhaḥ) - The sage Vasiṣṭha, who is narrating. (Venerable Vasiṣṭha)

• उवाच (uvāca) - Śrī Vasiṣṭha spoke. (said, spoke)

• हतः (hataḥ) - The king is killed. (slain, killed, struck)

• राजा (rājā) - The king who was slain. (king, ruler)

• हतः (hataḥ) - The king is killed. (slain, killed, struck)

• राजा (rājā) - The king who was slain. (king, ruler)

• प्रतिराजेन (pratirājena) - The king was slain by a competing king. (by the rival king, by the opposing ruler)

• संयुगे (saṁyuge) - The battle where the king was slain. (in battle, in conflict)

• इति (iti) - The word 'iti' introduces the quoted cry. (thus, so, indicating quoted speech or thought)

• शब्दे (śabde) - When the sound/cry (of 'The king is slain') arose. (in the sound, in the word, in the cry)

• समुद्भूते (samudbhūte) - When the cry arose. (having arisen, having occurred, manifested)

• राष्ट्रम् (rāṣṭram) - The entire kingdom. (kingdom, nation, country)

• आसीत् (āsīt) - The kingdom became (terrified). (was, existed, became)

• भयाकुलम् (bhayākulam) - The kingdom was in a state of terror. (agitated by fear, terrified, panic-stricken)

Words meanings and morphology

श्रीवसिष्ठः (śrīvasiṣṭhaḥ) - The sage Vasiṣṭha, who is narrating. (Venerable Vasiṣṭha)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śrīvasiṣṭha

śrīvasiṣṭha - Venerable Vasiṣṭha (a celebrated sage)

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - Śrī Vasiṣṭha spoke. (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

हतः (hataḥ) - The king is killed. (slain, killed, struck)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - slain, killed, struck, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

From root han (to strike, kill).

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Predicative adjective for 'rājā'.

राजा (rājā) - The king who was slain. (king, ruler)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

Note: Subject.

हतः (hataḥ) - The king is killed. (slain, killed, struck)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - slain, killed, struck, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

From root han (to strike, kill).

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Predicative adjective for 'rājā'.

राजा (rājā) - The king who was slain. (king, ruler)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

Note: Subject.

प्रतिराजेन (pratirājena) - The king was slain by a competing king. (by the rival king, by the opposing ruler)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of pratirājan

pratirājan - rival king, enemy king

Compound of prati (against, rival) + rājan (king).

Compound type : Tatpurusha (prati+rājan)

• prati – against, towards, in return
  indeclinable
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agent of the passive verb 'hataḥ'.

संयुगे (saṁyuge) - The battle where the king was slain. (in battle, in conflict)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃyuga

saṁyuga - battle, conflict, war

Note: Indicates location/circumstance.

इति (iti) - The word 'iti' introduces the quoted cry. (thus, so, indicating quoted speech or thought)

(indeclinable)

Note: Functions as a particle marking quotation.

शब्दे (śabde) - When the sound/cry (of 'The king is slain') arose. (in the sound, in the word, in the cry)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of śabda

śabda - sound, word, cry

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction with 'samudbhūte'.

समुद्भूते (samudbhūte) - When the cry arose. (having arisen, having occurred, manifested)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of samudbhūta

samudbhūta - arisen, occurred, produced, manifested

Past Passive Participle

From root bhū (to be, become) with prefixes sam- and ud-.

Prefixes: sam+ud

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction with 'śabde'.

राष्ट्रम् (rāṣṭram) - The entire kingdom. (kingdom, nation, country)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of rāṣṭra

rāṣṭra - kingdom, nation, country, realm

Note: Subject of 'āsīt'.

आसीत् (āsīt) - The kingdom became (terrified). (was, existed, became)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

भयाकुलम् (bhayākulam) - The kingdom was in a state of terror. (agitated by fear, terrified, panic-stricken)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bhayākula

bhayākula - agitated by fear, panic-stricken

Compound of bhaya (fear) and ākula (agitated).

Compound type : Tatpurusha (bhaya+ākula)

• bhaya – fear, dread
  noun (neuter)
  Root: bhī (class 3)
• ākula – agitated, confused, filled with
  adjective (neuter)

Note: Predicate complement of 'āsīt'.