योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-3, chapter-112, verse-4

श्रीराम उवाच ।
कथमस्यातिलोलस्य वेगो वेगैककारणम् ।
चलता मनसो ब्रह्मन्बलतो विनिवार्यते ॥ ४ ॥

śrīrāma uvāca ,
kathamasyātilolasya vego vegaikakāraṇam ,
calatā manaso brahmanbalato vinivāryate 4

4. śrīrāmaḥ uvāca katham asya atilolasya vegaḥ vega-eka-kāraṇam
calataḥ manasaḥ brahman balataḥ vinivāryate

4. śrīrāmaḥ uvāca brahman asya atilolasya calataḥ manasaḥ
vegaḥ vega-eka-kāraṇam balataḥ katham vinivāryate

4. Śrī Rāma said: O (brahman) Brahman, how can the momentum (vega) of this extremely fickle and ever-moving mind, which has momentum as its sole cause, be forcefully restrained?

Words meanings summery:

• श्रीरामः (śrīrāmaḥ) - The venerable Rāma (Śrī Rāma)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• कथम् (katham) - how (how, in what way)

• अस्य (asya) - of this (of this, his)

• अतिलोलस्य (atilolasya) - of the extremely fickle (of the very fickle, of the exceedingly unsteady)

• वेगः (vegaḥ) - momentum (vega) (speed, momentum, impulse, force)

• वेग-एक-कारणम् (vega-eka-kāraṇam) - which has momentum as its sole cause (having speed as its sole cause)

• चलतः (calataḥ) - and ever-moving (of the moving, of the unsteady)

• मनसः (manasaḥ) - of the mind (of the mind, from the mind)

• ब्रह्मन् (brahman) - O (brahman) Brahman (referring to Vasiṣṭha) (O Brahman (the absolute reality, or a wise person/priest))

• बलतः (balataḥ) - forcefully (by force, forcefully, powerfully)

• विनिवार्यते (vinivāryate) - be forcefully restrained (is restrained, is prevented, is checked)

Words meanings and morphology

श्रीरामः (śrīrāmaḥ) - The venerable Rāma (Śrī Rāma)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śrīrāma

śrīrāma - The venerable Rāma (an incarnation of Viṣṇu)

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect active

Irregular perfect form from root vac.

Root: vac (class 2)

कथम् (katham) - how (how, in what way)

(indeclinable)

Interrogative adverb.

अस्य (asya) - of this (of this, his)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine/neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Demonstrative pronoun.

अतिलोलस्य (atilolasya) - of the extremely fickle (of the very fickle, of the exceedingly unsteady)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine/neuter, singular of atilola

atilola - very fickle, exceedingly unsteady, highly agitated

Compound adjective, ati (excessive) + lola (fickle).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (ati+lola)

• ati – excessive, beyond, over
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating excess.
• lola – fickle, unsteady, tremulous, restless
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  From root lul.
  Root: lul (class 1)

Note: Agrees with asya and manasaḥ.

वेगः (vegaḥ) - momentum (vega) (speed, momentum, impulse, force)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vega

vega - speed, velocity, force, impulse, current, stream

From root vij (to move rapidly).

Root: vij (class 6)

वेग-एक-कारणम् (vega-eka-kāraṇam) - which has momentum as its sole cause (having speed as its sole cause)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vega-eka-kāraṇa

vega-eka-kāraṇa - having speed/momentum as its sole cause

Compound adjective/noun (Bahuvrīhi). The neuter ending '-am' is common for such Bahuvrīhis describing a quality, even if the primary noun (vegaḥ) is masculine.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vega+eka+kāraṇa)

• vega – speed, velocity, impulse, momentum
  noun (masculine)
  From root vij (to move rapidly).
  Root: vij (class 6)
• eka – one, single, sole
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
• kāraṇa – cause, reason, instrument
  noun (neuter)
  From root kṛ (to do) + ana suffix.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Predicate for vegaḥ.

चलतः (calataḥ) - and ever-moving (of the moving, of the unsteady)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine/neuter, singular of calat

calat - moving, unsteady, vibrating

Present Active Participle

From root cal (to move).

Root: cal (class 1)

Note: Agrees with asya atilolasya and manasaḥ.

मनसः (manasaḥ) - of the mind (of the mind, from the mind)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of manas

manas - mind, intellect, understanding, heart, soul

s-stem noun.

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Possessive, governing vegaḥ.

ब्रह्मन् (brahman) - O (brahman) Brahman (referring to Vasiṣṭha) (O Brahman (the absolute reality, or a wise person/priest))

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of brahman

brahman - the Absolute (brahman), a priest (brāhmaṇa), a sacred word (brahman)

n-stem noun.

Root: bṛh (class 1)

Note: Addressing sage Vasiṣṭha.

बलतः (balataḥ) - forcefully (by force, forcefully, powerfully)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form from bala (strength) with tas suffix.

विनिवार्यते (vinivāryate) - be forcefully restrained (is restrained, is prevented, is checked)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of nivāray

Present passive

Passive form of causal nivāray (from vṛ with ni). Here vi-ni-vṛ.

Prefixes: vi+ni

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Subject is vegaḥ.