योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-1, chapter-19, verse-28

अन्तश्चित्तेरशक्तस्य शीतातपनिवारणे ।
को विशेषो महाबुद्धे बालस्योर्वीरुहस्तथा ॥ २८ ॥

antaścitteraśaktasya śītātapanivāraṇe ,
ko viśeṣo mahābuddhe bālasyorvīruhastathā 28

28. antaḥ citteḥ aśaktasya śītātapanivāraṇe kaḥ
viśeṣaḥ mahābudhhe bālasya urvīruhaḥ tathā

28. mahābudhhe,
śītātapanivāraṇe antaḥ citteḥ aśaktasya bālasya tathā urvīruhaḥ kaḥ viśeṣaḥ?

28. O great-minded one, what is the difference between a child and a plant if one is inwardly (antaḥ) incapable of warding off cold and heat?

Words meanings summery:

• अन्तः (antaḥ) - inside, within, internal, inner

• चित्तेः (citteḥ) - of the mind, of consciousness, of thought

• अशक्तस्य (aśaktasya) - of the incapable, of the powerless, of the unable

• शीतातपनिवारणे (śītātapanivāraṇe) - in warding off cold and heat, in preventing cold and sun

• कः (kaḥ) - who? what? which?

• विशेषः (viśeṣaḥ) - difference, distinction, particularity

• महाबुध्हे (mahābudhhe) - O great-minded one, O highly intelligent one

• बालस्य (bālasya) - of a child, of an infant, of a young one

• उर्वीरुहः (urvīruhaḥ) - of a plant, of a tree

• तथा (tathā) - similarly, in the same way, and so

Words meanings and morphology

अन्तः (antaḥ) - inside, within, internal, inner

(indeclinable)

Note: Used as an adverb here, modifying the state of the mind.

चित्तेः (citteḥ) - of the mind, of consciousness, of thought

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of citti

citti - thought, mind, understanding, consciousness

From root cit (to perceive, observe, know).

Root: cit (class 1)

Note: Connected to aśaktasya.

अशक्तस्य (aśaktasya) - of the incapable, of the powerless, of the unable

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of aśakta

aśakta - incapable, powerless, unable

Negative prefix 'a-' + śakta (capable), which is a Past Passive Participle of śak (to be able).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+śakta)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• śakta – capable, able, powerful
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root śak (to be able).
  Root: śak (class 5)

Note: Qualifies bālasya.

शीतातपनिवारणे (śītātapanivāraṇe) - in warding off cold and heat, in preventing cold and sun

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of śītātapanivāraṇa

śītātapanivāraṇa - prevention of cold and heat/sun

Compound of śīta (cold), ātapa (sun/heat) and nivāraṇa (prevention).

Compound type : dvandva-tatpuruṣa (śīta+ātapa+nivāraṇa)

• śīta – cold, cool
  noun (neuter)
• ātapa – heat, sunshine, warmth
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: tap (class 1)
• nivāraṇa – prevention, warding off, restraint
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from root vṛ (to cover, enclose) with prefix ni.
  Prefix: ni
  Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Refers to the sphere of action where one is incapable.

कः (kaḥ) - who? what? which?

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Interrogative pronoun.

Note: Subject of the question.

विशेषः (viśeṣaḥ) - difference, distinction, particularity

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viśeṣa

viśeṣa - difference, distinction, particularity, excellence

From root śiṣ (to distinguish) with prefix vi.

Prefix: vi

Root: śiṣ (class 7)

Note: Predicate of the question.

महाबुध्हे (mahābudhhe) - O great-minded one, O highly intelligent one

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahābuddha

mahābuddha - greatly intelligent, wise one

Compound of mahā (great) and buddha (wise, intelligent, awakened).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+buddha)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• buddha – wise, intelligent, awakened
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root budh (to know, awaken).
  Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Addressed to someone.

बालस्य (bālasya) - of a child, of an infant, of a young one

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bāla

bāla - child, infant, young boy/girl

Note: Possessive, related to the comparison.

उर्वीरुहः (urvīruhaḥ) - of a plant, of a tree

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of urvīruha

urvīruha - plant, tree (lit. 'growing on the earth')

Compound of urvī (earth) and ruha (growing).

Compound type : saptamī-tatpuruṣa (urvī+ruha)

• urvī – earth, ground
  noun (feminine)
• ruha – growing, arising, produced
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root ruh (to grow, ascend).
  Root: ruh (class 1)

Note: Possessive, related to the comparison.

तथा (tathā) - similarly, in the same way, and so

(indeclinable)