वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-81, verse-2

सा प्रिया सोमपुत्रस्य संवत्सरमथोषिता ।
अकरोत् किं नरश्रेष्ठ तत्त्वं शंसितुमर्हसि ॥२॥

2. sā priyā somaputrasya saṃvatsaramathoṣitā ,
akarot kiṃ naraśreṣṭha tattvaṃ śaṃsitumarhasi.

2. sā priyā somaputrasya saṃvatsaram atha uṣitā
akarot kim naraśreṣṭha tattvam śaṃsitum arhasi

2. narśreṣṭha sā somaputrasya priyā atha saṃvatsaram
uṣitā kim akarot tattvam śaṃsitum arhasi

2. O best of men, what did she, the beloved of Budha, do after residing (with him) for a year? You ought to tell the truth.

Words meanings summery:

• सा (sā) - referring to Ilā, who was with Budha. (she, that (feminine))

• प्रिया (priyā) - Ilā as the beloved of Budha. (beloved, dear (feminine))

• सोमपुत्रस्य (somaputrasya) - of Budha, who is the son of Soma (the moon god). (of the son of Soma)

• संवत्सरम् (saṁvatsaram) - duration of her stay. (for a year, a year)

• अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

• उषिता (uṣitā) - Ilā having resided (with Budha). (having dwelt, resided, stayed)

• अकरोत् (akarot) - what action did Ilā perform. (she did, she made)

• किम् (kim) - what?

• नरश्रेष्ठ (naraśreṣṭha) - addressing Rāma, the best of men. (O best of men, foremost among men)

• तत्त्वम् (tattvam) - truth, reality, essence

• शंसितुम् (śaṁsitum) - to relate the full account. (to tell, to narrate, to praise)

• अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought, you are able, you deserve

Words meanings and morphology

सा (sā) - referring to Ilā, who was with Budha. (she, that (feminine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Subject of the verb 'akarot'.

प्रिया (priyā) - Ilā as the beloved of Budha. (beloved, dear (feminine))

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of priyā

priyā - beloved, dear, wife, sweetheart

Root: prī (class 4)

Note: Appositive to 'sā'.

सोमपुत्रस्य (somaputrasya) - of Budha, who is the son of Soma (the moon god). (of the son of Soma)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of somaputra

somaputra - son of Soma (referring to Budha)

Compound of Soma (proper noun) and putra (son).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī tatpuruṣa (soma+putra)

• soma – Soma (the moon-god, also a plant and its juice), moon
  proper noun (masculine)
• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)

Note: Modifies 'priyā'.

संवत्सरम् (saṁvatsaram) - duration of her stay. (for a year, a year)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saṃvatsara

saṁvatsara - year, a full year

अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

(indeclinable)

उषिता (uṣitā) - Ilā having resided (with Budha). (having dwelt, resided, stayed)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of uṣita

uṣita - resided, stayed, dwelt, passed (time)

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root vas (to dwell, to live) by suffix -ta, often used actively.

Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'sā'.

अकरोत् (akarot) - what action did Ilā perform. (she did, she made)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect past (laṅ) of kṛ

Imperfect

From root kṛ (to do), imperfect tense form.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

किम् (kim) - what?

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what? who? which? why?

Note: Object of 'akarot'.

नरश्रेष्ठ (naraśreṣṭha) - addressing Rāma, the best of men. (O best of men, foremost among men)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of naraśreṣṭha

naraśreṣṭha - best of men, foremost among men, excellent man

Compound of nara (man) and śreṣṭha (best).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī tatpuruṣa (nara+śreṣṭha)

• nara – man, human being, person
  noun (masculine)
• śreṣṭha – best, excellent, most excellent, chief
  adjective
  Superlative form, from root praśas (to praise).

तत्त्वम् (tattvam) - truth, reality, essence

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tattva

tattva - truth, reality, principle, essence, true state

Note: Object of 'śaṃsitum'.

शंसितुम् (śaṁsitum) - to relate the full account. (to tell, to narrate, to praise)

(verb)

active, infinitive (tumun) of śaṃs

Infinitive

From root śaṃs (to declare, praise), infinitive form with -tum.

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought, you are able, you deserve

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of arh

Present

From root arh (to be worthy, to deserve), present tense form.

Root: arh (class 1)