वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-53, verse-18

तं पुत्रं दुर्विनीतं तु दृष्ट्वा दुःखसमन्वितः ।
मधुः स शोकमापेदे न चैनं किं चिदब्रवीत् ॥१८॥

18. taṃ putraṃ durvinītaṃ tu dṛṣṭvā duḥkhasamanvitaḥ ,
madhuḥ sa śokamāpede na cainaṃ kiṃ cidabravīt.

18. tam putram durvinītam tu dṛṣṭvā duḥkhasamanvitaḥ
madhuḥ saḥ śokam āpede na ca enam kim cit abravīt

18. tu tam durvinītam putram dṛṣṭvā duḥkhasamanvitaḥ
saḥ madhuḥ śokam āpede ca enam kim cit na abravīt

18. But having seen that ill-behaved son, Madhu, filled with sorrow, was overcome with grief, and he said nothing to him.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - That son, Lavana. (that, him)

• पुत्रम् (putram) - Lavana. (son)

• दुर्विनीतम् (durvinītam) - ill-behaved, ill-disciplined, badly brought up

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, having looked

• दुःखसमन्वितः (duḥkhasamanvitaḥ) - Madhu, filled with sorrow. (filled with sorrow, afflicted with misery)

• मधुः (madhuḥ) - The demon Madhu. (Madhu (proper name), honey, sweet)

• सः (saḥ) - Refers to Madhu. (he, that)

• शोकम् (śokam) - sorrow, grief, lamentation

• आपेदे (āpede) - was overcome with grief (attained, reached, experienced, was overcome)

• न (na) - not

• च (ca) - and

• एनम् (enam) - The son, Lavana. (him, this one)

• किम् चित् (kim cit) - anything, something, a little

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he said, he spoke

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - That son, Lavana. (that, him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Agrees with putram.

पुत्रम् (putram) - Lavana. (son)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son

Note: Object of dṛṣṭvā.

दुर्विनीतम् (durvinītam) - ill-behaved, ill-disciplined, badly brought up

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of durvinīta

durvinīta - ill-behaved, ill-disciplined, arrogant

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root √nī (1st class, Parasmaipada) with upasargas dur- and vi-.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (dur+vinīta)

• dur – badly, difficult, evil
  indeclinable
• vinīta – disciplined, humble, well-behaved
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from the root √nī with upasarga vi-.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: nī (class 1)

Note: Agrees with putram.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the preceding narrative with Madhu's reaction.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, having looked

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Derived from the root √dṛś (1st class, Parasmaipada) with the suffix -tvā.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

दुःखसमन्वितः (duḥkhasamanvitaḥ) - Madhu, filled with sorrow. (filled with sorrow, afflicted with misery)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duḥkhasamanvita

duḥkhasamanvita - filled with sorrow, afflicted with misery

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (duḥkha+samanvita)

• duḥkha – sorrow, pain, misery, suffering
  noun (neuter)
• samanvita – accompanied by, endowed with, possessed of
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from the root √i (2nd class, Parasmaipada) 'to go' with upasargas sam- and anu- and suffix -ta.
  Prefixes: sam+anu
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Agrees with madhuḥ.

मधुः (madhuḥ) - The demon Madhu. (Madhu (proper name), honey, sweet)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of madhu

madhu - honey, sweet, Madhu (a demon's name)

Note: Subject of the main clause.

सः (saḥ) - Refers to Madhu. (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Redundant pronoun, emphasizes madhuḥ.

शोकम् (śokam) - sorrow, grief, lamentation

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śoka

śoka - sorrow, grief, lamentation

Root: śuc (class 1)

Note: Object of āpede.

आपेदे (āpede) - was overcome with grief (attained, reached, experienced, was overcome)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (lit) of āpad

perfect

Derived from the root √pad (4th class, Ātmanepada) with upasarga ā-.

Prefix: ā

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Ātmanepada verb.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates the verb abravīt.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the two clauses.

एनम् (enam) - The son, Lavana. (him, this one)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ena

ena - this, that, him, her, it (anaphoric pronoun)

Note: Object of abravīt.

किम् चित् (kim cit) - anything, something, a little

(indeclinable)

From interrogative pronoun kim + particle cit.

Note: Modifies abravīt to mean "said anything".

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bru

imperfect

Derived from the root √bru (2nd class, Parasmaipada).

Root: bru (class 2)

Note: Negated by na.