वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-44, verse-14

तस्माद्भवन्तः पश्यन्तु पतितं शोकसागरे ।
न हि पश्याम्यहं भूयः किं चिद्दुःखमतो ऽधिकम् ॥१४॥

14. tasmādbhavantaḥ paśyantu patitaṃ śokasāgare ,
na hi paśyāmyahaṃ bhūyaḥ kiṃ cidduḥkhamato'dhikam.

14. tasmāt bhavantaḥ paśyantu patitam śokasāgare na hi
paśyāmi aham bhūyaḥ kim cit duḥkham ataḥ adhikam

14. tasmāt bhavantaḥ śokasāgare patitam paśyantu hi
aham ataḥ adhikam kim cit duḥkham bhūyaḥ na paśyāmi

14. Therefore, please see me, fallen into this ocean of sorrow. Indeed, I do not foresee any suffering greater than this ever again.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that, hence

• भवन्तः (bhavantaḥ) - you (plural, respectful)

• पश्यन्तु (paśyantu) - (imperative, addressing the 'bhavantaḥ') (let them see, may they see, please see)

• पतितम् (patitam) - (referring to the speaker, implied 'mām') (fallen, dropped, descended)

• शोकसागरे (śokasāgare) - in the ocean of sorrow, in the sea of grief

• न (na) - not, no

• हि (hi) - indeed, for, surely

• पश्यामि (paśyāmi) - I see, I foresee

• अहम् (aham) - I

• भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - (here, 'ever again') (again, further, more)

• किम् (kim) - (in 'kim cit' it means 'anything') (what? why? how?)

• चित् (cit) - (when combined with an interrogative, indicates 'any') (even, any, indeed, 'certain' (after interrogatives))

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow, suffering, pain, misery

• अतः (ataḥ) - (here, 'than this' implying comparison) (from this, than this, therefore)

• अधिकम् (adhikam) - more, greater, excessive

Words meanings and morphology

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that, hence

(indeclinable)

Ablative singular of tad, used adverbially.

Note: Used as an adverb meaning 'therefore'.

भवन्तः (bhavantaḥ) - you (plural, respectful)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhavat

bhavat - your honor, you (polite form), being, existing

Present Active Participle

Nominative plural masculine of bhavat, acting as a polite second-person pronoun.

Root: bhū (class 1)

पश्यन्तु (paśyantu) - (imperative, addressing the 'bhavantaḥ') (let them see, may they see, please see)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperative (loṭ) of √dṛś

Imperative

3rd person plural, imperative mood, parasmaipada. Irregular present stem paśya.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

पतितम् (patitam) - (referring to the speaker, implied 'mām') (fallen, dropped, descended)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of patita

patita - fallen, dropped, descended, degraded

Past Passive Participle

From √pat 'to fall'.

Root: pat (class 1)

शोकसागरे (śokasāgare) - in the ocean of sorrow, in the sea of grief

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of śokasāgara

śokasāgara - ocean of sorrow, sea of grief

From śoka (sorrow) + sāgara (ocean).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (śoka+sāgara)

• śoka – sorrow, grief, lamentation
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śuc (class 1)
• sāgara – ocean, sea
  noun (masculine)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

हि (hi) - indeed, for, surely

(indeclinable)

Emphatic or causal particle.

पश्यामि (paśyāmi) - I see, I foresee

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of √dṛś

Present active

1st person singular, present indicative, parasmaipada. Irregular present stem paśya.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of aham

aham - I (first person singular pronoun)

Nominative singular of asmad.

भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - (here, 'ever again') (again, further, more)

(indeclinable)

Comparative form of √bhū (to be), used adverbially.

किम् (kim) - (in 'kim cit' it means 'anything') (what? why? how?)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used as an interrogative pronoun, forms indefinite with 'cit'.

चित् (cit) - (when combined with an interrogative, indicates 'any') (even, any, indeed, 'certain' (after interrogatives))

(indeclinable)

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow, suffering, pain, misery

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - sorrow, suffering, pain, misery, discomfort

From dus-kha (bad axle-hole, hence uneasy).

अतः (ataḥ) - (here, 'than this' implying comparison) (from this, than this, therefore)

(indeclinable)

Ablative derivative of a pronoun (idam, 'this').

Note: Used here for comparison.

अधिकम् (adhikam) - more, greater, excessive

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of adhika

adhika - more, greater, excessive, superior

From adhi (over, above) + ka (suffix).