वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-44, verse-1

तेषां समुपविष्टानां सर्वेषां दीनचेतसाम् ।
उवाच वाक्यं काकुत्स्थो मुखेन परिशुष्यता ॥१॥

1. teṣāṃ samupaviṣṭānāṃ sarveṣāṃ dīnacetasām ,
uvāca vākyaṃ kākutstho mukhena pariśuṣyatā.

1. teṣām samupaviṣṭānām sarveṣām dīnacetasām
uvāca vākyam kākutsthaḥ mukhena pariśuṣyatā

1. kākutsthaḥ teṣām sarveṣām samupaviṣṭānām
dīnacetasām pariśuṣyatā mukhena vākyam uvāca

1. Kakutstha (Rama) spoke to all of them, who were seated and despondent, his mouth parched as he spoke.

Words meanings summery:

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them, to them

• समुपविष्टानाम् (samupaviṣṭānām) - of those who were seated, of those assembled

• सर्वेषाम् (sarveṣām) - of all

• दीनचेतसाम् (dīnacetasām) - of those whose minds were distressed, of the despondent

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - word, speech, sentence

• काकुत्स्थः (kākutsthaḥ) - Rama, the main protagonist of Ramayana (descendant of Kakutstha (an epithet for Rama))

• मुखेन (mukhena) - by mouth, with the mouth

• परिशुष्यता (pariśuṣyatā) - by his parched mouth (by that which was drying up, parched)

Words meanings and morphology

तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them, to them

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

समुपविष्टानाम् (samupaviṣṭānām) - of those who were seated, of those assembled

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of samupaviṣṭa

samupaviṣṭa - seated, assembled, sat down

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root 'viś' (to enter) with prefixes 'sam' and 'upa'.

Prefixes: sam+upa

Root: viś (class 6)

सर्वेषाम् (sarveṣām) - of all

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

दीनचेतसाम् (dīnacetasām) - of those whose minds were distressed, of the despondent

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of dīnacetas

dīnacetas - having a distressed mind, despondent, disheartened

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dīna+cetas)

• dīna – distressed, miserable, poor, sad
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from the root 'dī' (to fade, decay).
  Root: dī (class 4)
• cetas – mind, intellect, consciousness
  noun (neuter)

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice. Formed irregularly from 'vac'.

Root: vac (class 2)

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - word, speech, sentence

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - speech, word, sentence, statement

Derived from 'vāc' (speech).

Note: Direct object of 'uvāca'.

काकुत्स्थः (kākutsthaḥ) - Rama, the main protagonist of Ramayana (descendant of Kakutstha (an epithet for Rama))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kākutstha

kākutstha - descendant of Kakutstha (an ancient king), a name of Rama

Patronymic derived from 'Kakutstha'.

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

मुखेन (mukhena) - by mouth, with the mouth

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of mukha

mukha - mouth, face, principal part, opening

परिशुष्यता (pariśuṣyatā) - by his parched mouth (by that which was drying up, parched)

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of pariśuṣyat

pariśuṣyat - drying up, becoming parched

Present Active Participle

Derived from the root 'śuṣ' (to dry) with the prefix 'pari'.

Prefix: pari

Root: śuṣ (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'mukhena'.