वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-65, verse-8

प्रदक्षिणं रथं कृत्वा आरुरोह निशाचरः ।
सूतं संचोदयामास शीघ्रं मे रथमावह ॥८॥

8. pradakṣiṇaṃ rathaṃ kṛtvā āruroha niśācaraḥ ,
sūtaṃ saṃcodayāmāsa śīghraṃ me rathamāvaha.

8. pradakṣiṇam ratham kṛtvā āruruha niśācaraḥ
sūtam saṃcodayāmāsa śīghram me ratham āvaha

8. niśācaraḥ ratham pradakṣiṇam kṛtvā āruruha.
sūtam saṃcodayāmāsa - "me ratham śīghram āvaha".

8. Having circumambulated the chariot clockwise, the demon (niśācara) mounted it. He then urged the charioteer, saying, "Quickly bring my chariot!"

Words meanings summery:

• प्रदक्षिणम् (pradakṣiṇam) - clockwise, auspiciously, respectfully

• रथम् (ratham) - chariot

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, having made

• आरुरुह (āruruha) - he ascended, he mounted

• निशाचरः (niśācaraḥ) - night-wanderer, demon

• सूतम् (sūtam) - charioteer

• संचोदयामास (saṁcodayāmāsa) - he urged, incited, impelled

• शीघ्रम् (śīghram) - quickly, swiftly

• मे (me) - my, of me

• रथम् (ratham) - chariot

• आवह (āvaha) - bring forth, bring here

Words meanings and morphology

प्रदक्षिणम् (pradakṣiṇam) - clockwise, auspiciously, respectfully

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pradakṣiṇa

pradakṣiṇa - right, southern; clockwise (adj./adv.)

Note: Used adverbially here

रथम् (ratham) - chariot

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

Root: ram

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, having made

(indeclinable)

Absolutive / Gerund

Formed from root kṛ with suffix -tvā

Root: kṛ (class 8)

आरुरुह (āruruha) - he ascended, he mounted

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of āruruha

Prefix: ā

Root: ruh (class 1)

निशाचरः (niśācaraḥ) - night-wanderer, demon

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niśācara

niśācara - night-wanderer, demon, goblin

Compound type : upapada tatpuruṣa (niśā+cara)

• niśā – night
  noun (feminine)
• cara – moving, going, wanderer
  noun/adjective (masculine)
  From root car 'to move'
  Root: car (class 1)

सूतम् (sūtam) - charioteer

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sūta

sūta - charioteer, son, offspring

संचोदयामास (saṁcodayāmāsa) - he urged, incited, impelled

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of saṃcodayāmāsa

Causative + Periphrastic Perfect

Formed from causative of root cud with prefix sam and the auxiliary verb kṛ (āmāsa)

Prefix: sam

Root: cud (class 10)

शीघ्रम् (śīghram) - quickly, swiftly

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śīghra

śīghra - quick, swift, fast

Note: Used adverbially here

मे (me) - my, of me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of aham

aham - I

रथम् (ratham) - chariot

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

Root: ram

आवह (āvaha) - bring forth, bring here

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (lot) of āvaha

Prefix: ā

Root: vah (class 1)