वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-65, verse-17

प्रभ्रष्टो ऽथ करात्तस्य प्रतोदः सारथेस्तदा ।
पपात सहसा चैव ध्वजस्तस्य च रक्षसः ॥१७॥

17. prabhraṣṭo'tha karāttasya pratodaḥ sārathestadā ,
papāta sahasā caiva dhvajastasya ca rakṣasaḥ.

17. prabhraṣṭaḥ atha karāt tasya pratodaḥ sāratheḥ tadā
papāta sahasā ca eva dhvajaḥ tasya ca rakṣasaḥ

17. atha tadā tasya sāratheḥ karāt pratodaḥ prabhraṣṭaḥ.
ca eva tasya rakṣasaḥ dhvajaḥ ca sahasā papāta.

17. Then, the goad slipped from the charioteer's hand. At that very moment, the demon's banner also suddenly fell.

Words meanings summery:

• प्रभ्रष्टः (prabhraṣṭaḥ) - fallen, slipped off, lost

• अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

• करात् (karāt) - from the hand

• तस्य (tasya) - of the charioteer (his, of him, of that)

• प्रतोदः (pratodaḥ) - goad, whip

• सारथेः (sāratheḥ) - of the charioteer

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• पपात (papāta) - fell, fell down

• सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, quickly, by force

• च (ca) - and, also

• एव (eva) - emphasizes the suddenness or the falling of the banner (indeed, only, just, even)

• ध्वजः (dhvajaḥ) - banner, flag, standard

• तस्य (tasya) - of the demon (his, of him, of that)

• च (ca) - and, also

• रक्षसः (rakṣasaḥ) - of the demon, of the Rākṣasa

Words meanings and morphology

प्रभ्रष्टः (prabhraṣṭaḥ) - fallen, slipped off, lost

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prabhraṣṭa

prabhraṣṭa - fallen, slipped off, lost

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root `bhraṃś` (to fall, slip) with prefix `pra`.

Prefix: pra

Root: bhraṃś (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `pratodaḥ`.

अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

(indeclinable)

करात् (karāt) - from the hand

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of kara

kara - hand, ray, tax

तस्य (tasya) - of the charioteer (his, of him, of that)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Agrees with `sāratheḥ`.

प्रतोदः (pratodaḥ) - goad, whip

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pratoda

pratoda - goad, whip, incitement

Derived from root `tud` (to prick, impel) with prefix `pra`.

Prefix: pra

Root: tud (class 6)

Note: Subject of `prabhraṣṭaḥ`.

सारथेः (sāratheḥ) - of the charioteer

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of sārathi

sārathi - charioteer

Note: Qualifies `karāt` (from the charioteer's hand).

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

Derived from pronominal base `tad`.

पपात (papāta) - fell, fell down

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of pat

Perfect tense (lit)

Root `pat`, 3rd person singular perfect tense (lit).

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Verb for both `pratodaḥ` and `dhvajaḥ`.

सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, quickly, by force

(indeclinable)

Instrumental singular of `sahas` (power, force) used adverbially.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the two main clauses (goad falling and banner falling).

एव (eva) - emphasizes the suddenness or the falling of the banner (indeed, only, just, even)

(indeclinable)

Particle of emphasis.

ध्वजः (dhvajaḥ) - banner, flag, standard

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhvaja

dhvaja - banner, flag, standard

Note: Subject of `papāta`.

तस्य (tasya) - of the demon (his, of him, of that)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Agrees with `rakṣasaḥ`.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes 'also' in 'also fell'.

रक्षसः (rakṣasaḥ) - of the demon, of the Rākṣasa

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rakṣas

rakṣas - demon, Rākṣasa

Note: Qualifies `dhvajaḥ`.