वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-65, verse-18

तस्य ते रथसंयुक्ता हया विक्रमवर्जिताः ।
चरणैराकुलैर्गत्वा दीनाः सास्रमुखा ययुः ॥१८॥

18. tasya te rathasaṃyuktā hayā vikramavarjitāḥ ,
caraṇairākulairgatvā dīnāḥ sāsramukhā yayuḥ.

18. tasya te rathasaṃyuktāḥ hayāḥ vikramavarjitāḥ
caraṇaiḥ ākulaiḥ gatvā dīnāḥ sāsramukhāḥ yayuḥ

18. tasya rathasaṃyuktāḥ vikramavarjitāḥ te hayāḥ
ākulaiḥ caraṇaiḥ gatvā dīnāḥ sāsramukhāḥ yayuḥ

18. His horses, yoked to the chariot and devoid of their usual strength, proceeded with unsteady steps, appearing wretched and with tear-streaked faces.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्य (tasya) - of the demon (from previous verse) (his, of him, of that)

• ते (te) - refers to the horses (those, they)

• रथसंयुक्ताः (rathasaṁyuktāḥ) - yoked to the chariot, attached to the chariot

• हयाः (hayāḥ) - horses

• विक्रमवर्जिताः (vikramavarjitāḥ) - devoid of strength/valor, strengthless

• चरणैः (caraṇaiḥ) - with feet, with hooves

• आकुलैः (ākulaiḥ) - agitated, confused, disturbed, unsteady

• गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone, having proceeded

• दीनाः (dīnāḥ) - refers to the horses (miserable, distressed, wretched, sad)

• सास्रमुखाः (sāsramukhāḥ) - refers to the horses (with tearful faces, having faces full of tears)

• ययुः (yayuḥ) - they went, they proceeded

Words meanings and morphology

तस्य (tasya) - of the demon (from previous verse) (his, of him, of that)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Qualifies `hayāḥ`.

ते (te) - refers to the horses (those, they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Functions as a demonstrative adjective for `hayāḥ`.

रथसंयुक्ताः (rathasaṁyuktāḥ) - yoked to the chariot, attached to the chariot

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rathasaṃyukta

rathasaṁyukta - yoked to the chariot, associated with the chariot

Past Passive Participle in a compound

Compound of `ratha` and `saṃyukta`. `saṃyukta` is PPP from `yuj` with prefix `sam`.

Compound type : tatpurusha (ratha+saṃyukta)

• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
• saṃyukta – joined, united, yoked
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root `yuj` (to join) with prefix `sam`.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Agrees with `hayāḥ`.

हयाः (hayāḥ) - horses

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of haya

haya - horse

Note: Main subject of the sentence.

विक्रमवर्जिताः (vikramavarjitāḥ) - devoid of strength/valor, strengthless

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vikramavarjita

vikramavarjita - devoid of valor, strengthless, deprived of heroic might

Compound of `vikrama` and `varjita`. `varjita` is PPP from `vṛj` (to abandon, avoid).

Compound type : tatpurusha (vikrama+varjita)

• vikrama – valor, strength, courage, heroic might
  noun (masculine)
• varjita – abandoned, avoided, excluded, devoid of
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root `vṛj` (to avoid, exclude).
  Root: vṛj (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `hayāḥ`.

चरणैः (caraṇaiḥ) - with feet, with hooves

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of caraṇa

caraṇa - foot, limb, movement

Note: Denotes the means or manner of going.

आकुलैः (ākulaiḥ) - agitated, confused, disturbed, unsteady

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of ākula

ākula - agitated, confused, disturbed, crowded

Derived from root `kul` (to collect) with prefix `ā`, meaning 'full of' or 'agitated'.

Prefix: ā

Root: kul (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `caraṇaiḥ`.

गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone, having proceeded

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root `gam` (to go) with suffix `ktvā`.

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Modifies the main verb `yayuḥ`.

दीनाः (dīnāḥ) - refers to the horses (miserable, distressed, wretched, sad)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dīna

dīna - miserable, distressed, wretched, sad

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root `dī` (to fade, be poor).

Root: dī (class 4)

Note: Agrees with `hayāḥ`.

सास्रमुखाः (sāsramukhāḥ) - refers to the horses (with tearful faces, having faces full of tears)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sāsramukha

sāsramukha - with tearful faces, having faces full of tears

Bahuvrihi compound: `sa` (with) + `asra` (tear) + `mukha` (face).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sa+asra+mukha)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
• asra – tear, blood
  noun (neuter)
• mukha – face, mouth, front
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with `hayāḥ`.

ययुः (yayuḥ) - they went, they proceeded

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (lit) of yā

Perfect tense (lit)

Root `yā`, 3rd person plural perfect tense (lit).

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.