वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-37, verse-4

वीक्षमाणा दिशः सर्वास्तिर्यगूर्ध्वं च वानराः ।
तृणेष्वपि च चेष्टत्सु राक्षसा इति मेनिरे ॥४॥

4. vīkṣamāṇā diśaḥ sarvāstiryagūrdhvaṃ ca vānarāḥ ,
tṛṇeṣvapi ca ceṣṭatsu rākṣasā iti menire.

4. vīkṣamāṇāḥ diśaḥ sarvāḥ tiryak ūrdhvam ca vānarāḥ
tṛṇeṣu api ca ceṣṭatsu rākṣasāḥ iti menire

4. vānarāḥ sarvāḥ diśaḥ tiryak ca ūrdhvam ca vīkṣamāṇāḥ
tṛṇeṣu api ca ceṣṭatsu rākṣasāḥ iti menire

4. And the monkeys, looking in all directions—horizontally and upwards—when even grasses moved, thought them to be Rākṣasas (rākṣasa).

Words meanings summery:

• वीक्षमाणाः (vīkṣamāṇāḥ) - The monkeys looking in all directions. (looking, seeing, observing)

• दिशः (diśaḥ) - all cardinal directions (directions, quarters)

• सर्वाः (sarvāḥ) - all directions (all, every)

• तिर्यक् (tiryak) - looking horizontally (horizontally, obliquely, crosswise)

• ऊर्ध्वम् (ūrdhvam) - looking upwards (upwards, elevated)

• च (ca) - and

• वानराः (vānarāḥ) - The monkey army/chiefs. (monkeys)

• तृणेषु (tṛṇeṣu) - even when small blades of grass moved (in/on grasses, blades of grass)

• अपि (api) - even (if) (even, also, too)

• च (ca) - and

• चेष्टत्सु (ceṣṭatsu) - when (the grasses) were moving/stirring (moving, stirring)

• राक्षसाः (rākṣasāḥ) - (that they were) Rākṣasas (demons) (demons, Rākṣasas)

• इति (iti) - indicating direct thought of the monkeys (thus, so (quotation marker))

• मेनिरे (menire) - The monkeys considered them to be Rākṣasas. (they thought, they considered)

Words meanings and morphology

वीक्षमाणाः (vīkṣamāṇāḥ) - The monkeys looking in all directions. (looking, seeing, observing)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vīkṣamāṇa

vīkṣamāṇa - looking, seeing, observing

Present Middle Participle

Derived from root īkṣ (to see) with prefix vi-

Prefix: vi

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with vānarāḥ.

दिशः (diśaḥ) - all cardinal directions (directions, quarters)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of diś

diś - direction, quarter, region

सर्वाः (sarvāḥ) - all directions (all, every)

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Agrees with diśaḥ.

तिर्यक् (tiryak) - looking horizontally (horizontally, obliquely, crosswise)

(indeclinable)

ऊर्ध्वम् (ūrdhvam) - looking upwards (upwards, elevated)

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

वानराः (vānarāḥ) - The monkey army/chiefs. (monkeys)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vānara

vānara - monkey, ape; relating to forest

तृणेषु (tṛṇeṣu) - even when small blades of grass moved (in/on grasses, blades of grass)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of tṛṇa

tṛṇa - grass, straw, blade of grass

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction with 'ceṣṭatsu'.

अपि (api) - even (if) (even, also, too)

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

चेष्टत्सु (ceṣṭatsu) - when (the grasses) were moving/stirring (moving, stirring)

(participle)

Locative, neuter, plural of ceṣṭat

ceṣṭat - moving, stirring, active

Present Active Participle

Derived from root ceṣṭ (to move, stir)

Root: ceṣṭ (class 1)

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction with 'tṛṇeṣu'.

राक्षसाः (rākṣasāḥ) - (that they were) Rākṣasas (demons) (demons, Rākṣasas)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rākṣasa

rākṣasa - belonging to Rākṣasas; a demon

इति (iti) - indicating direct thought of the monkeys (thus, so (quotation marker))

(indeclinable)

मेनिरे (menire) - The monkeys considered them to be Rākṣasas. (they thought, they considered)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, perfect (lit) of man

Root: man (class 4)