वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-37, verse-20

तौ दृष्ट्वा भ्रातरौ तत्र वीरौ सा पुरुषर्षभौ ।
दुःखार्ता सुभृशं सीता करुणं विललाप ह ॥२०॥

20. tau dṛṣṭvā bhrātarau tatra vīrau sā puruṣarṣabhau ,
duḥkhārtā subhṛśaṃ sītā karuṇaṃ vilalāpa ha.

20. tau dṛṣṭvā bhrātarau tatra vīrau sā puruṣarṣabhau
duḥkhārtā subhṛśam sītā karuṇam vilalāpa ha

20. sā sītā tatra vīrau puruṣarṣabhau tau bhrātarau
dṛṣṭvā duḥkhārtā subhṛśam karuṇam vilalāpa ha

20. Having seen those two heroic brothers, the foremost among men, lying there, Sita, deeply afflicted by sorrow, wept piteously.

Words meanings summery:

• तौ (tau) - those two (referring to Rama and Lakshmana) (those two)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• भ्रातरौ (bhrātarau) - brothers (two brothers)

• तत्र (tatra) - there (there, in that place)

• वीरौ (vīrau) - heroic (heroes, brave ones)

• सा (sā) - she (Sita) (she)

• पुरुषर्षभौ (puruṣarṣabhau) - foremost among men (best of men, bull among men)

• दुःखार्ता (duḥkhārtā) - deeply afflicted by sorrow (distressed by sorrow, afflicted by misery)

• सुभृशम् (subhṛśam) - deeply (greatly, intensely, very much)

• सीता (sītā) - Sita

• करुणम् (karuṇam) - piteously (piteously, mournfully, compassionately)

• विललाप (vilalāpa) - wept (lamented, wept)

• ह (ha) - indeed, certainly, an exclamation

Words meanings and morphology

तौ (tau) - those two (referring to Rama and Lakshmana) (those two)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root dṛś (to see) with suffix ktvā.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

भ्रातरौ (bhrātarau) - brothers (two brothers)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother

ṛ-stem noun.

तत्र (tatra) - there (there, in that place)

(indeclinable)

From tad (that) + tral (locative suffix).

वीरौ (vīrau) - heroic (heroes, brave ones)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, dual of vīra

vīra - hero, brave, mighty man

सा (sā) - she (Sita) (she)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

पुरुषर्षभौ (puruṣarṣabhau) - foremost among men (best of men, bull among men)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of puruṣarṣabha

puruṣarṣabha - best of men (lit. bull among men)

Tatpuruṣa compound: puruṣāṇām ṛṣabhaḥ (bull of men) or Karmadhāraya: puruṣaś ca sa ṛṣabhaś ca (he is a man and a bull). ṛṣabha is used metaphorically for best/chief.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (puruṣa+ṛṣabha)

• puruṣa – man, person, male
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, chief, best, excellent
  noun (masculine)

दुःखार्ता (duḥkhārtā) - deeply afflicted by sorrow (distressed by sorrow, afflicted by misery)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of duḥkhārta

duḥkhārta - afflicted with pain/sorrow, distressed

Noun (duḥkha) + Past Passive Participle (ārta)

Tatpuruṣa compound: duḥkhena ārtā (afflicted by sorrow, instrumental tatpuruṣa). duḥkha (sorrow) and ārta (afflicted, wounded - PPP of ṛ).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (duḥkha+ārta)

• duḥkha – sorrow, pain, misery, suffering
  noun (neuter)
• ārta – afflicted, distressed, pained
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root ṛ (to go, move) in causative sense, here meaning 'afflicted'. Or directly from ā-ṛ. kta suffix.
  Root: ṛ (class 1)

सुभृशम् (subhṛśam) - deeply (greatly, intensely, very much)

(indeclinable)

Compound of su (good, well, very) and bhṛśam (greatly, strongly).

Compound type : avyayībhāva (su+bhṛśam)

• su – good, well, very, excellent
  indeclinable
  prefix
• bhṛśam – greatly, strongly, severely
  indeclinable
  Adverbial form of bhṛśa (adjective: strong, severe).

Note: Adverb intensifying the state of being duḥkhārtā.

सीता (sītā) - Sita

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of sītā

sītā - Sita (name of Rama's wife)

करुणम् (karuṇam) - piteously (piteously, mournfully, compassionately)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form of the adjective karuṇa.

विललाप (vilalāpa) - wept (lamented, wept)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of lap

Perfect active

From root lap (to lament, speak) with prefix vi, 3rd person singular perfect.

Prefix: vi

Root: lap (class 1)

ह (ha) - indeed, certainly, an exclamation

(indeclinable)

Emphatic or exclamatory particle.

Note: Expletive or emphatic particle, often left untranslated.