वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-30, verse-20

मनसापि दुरारोहं किं पुनः कर्मणा जनैः ।
निविष्टा तत्र शिखरे लङ्का रावणपालिता ॥२०॥

20. manasāpi durārohaṃ kiṃ punaḥ karmaṇā janaiḥ ,
niviṣṭā tatra śikhare laṅkā rāvaṇapālitā.

20. manasā api durāroham kim punaḥ karmaṇā janaiḥ
niviṣṭā tatra śikhare laṅkā rāvaṇapālitā

20. laṅkā rāvaṇapālitā tatra śikhare niviṣṭā
manasā api durāroham kim punaḥ karmaṇā janaiḥ

20. It was difficult to ascend even mentally, let alone by physical effort (karmaṇā) for people. Lankā, protected by Rāvaṇa, was situated there on that peak.

Words meanings summery:

• मनसा (manasā) - by the mind, mentally

• अपि (api) - even, also, too

• दुरारोहम् (durāroham) - difficult to ascend, hard to climb

• किम् (kim) - what? why?

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, moreover, but, on the other hand

• कर्मणा (karmaṇā) - by physical effort (as opposed to mental) (by action, by deed, by physical effort)

• जनैः (janaiḥ) - by people, by men

• निविष्टा (niviṣṭā) - situated, placed, entered, established

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

• शिखरे (śikhare) - on the peak, on the summit

• लङ्का (laṅkā) - The city of Lankā (Lankā (proper noun))

• रावणपालिता (rāvaṇapālitā) - protected by Rāvaṇa, ruled by Rāvaṇa

Words meanings and morphology

मनसा (manasā) - by the mind, mentally

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of manas

manas - mind, intellect, thought, consciousness

Root: man (class 4)

अपि (api) - even, also, too

(indeclinable)

Particle

Note: Intensifying particle.

दुरारोहम् (durāroham) - difficult to ascend, hard to climb

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of durāroha

durāroha - difficult to ascend/climb, inaccessible

Compound: dur (difficult) + āroha (ascending, climbing, from ā-ruh)

Compound type : prādi-samāsa (dur+āroha)

• dur – difficult, bad
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating difficulty or badness (variant of dus).
• āroha – ascending, climbing, mount, height
  noun (masculine)
  From ā- + root ruh (to grow, ascend)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: ruh (class 1)

Note: Adjective.

किम् (kim) - what? why?

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what? which? who? why? (interrogative pronoun/adverb)

Interrogative pronoun/adverb.

Note: Interrogative pronoun, neuter singular nominative/accusative.

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, moreover, but, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

Adverbial particle.

Note: Particle.

कर्मणा (karmaṇā) - by physical effort (as opposed to mental) (by action, by deed, by physical effort)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of karman

karman - action, deed, work, ritual, fate (karma)

From root kṛ (to do, make) + man suffix.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Translating as 'physical effort' in context.

जनैः (janaiḥ) - by people, by men

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of jana

jana - person, man, people, creature

From root jan (to be born, produce).

Root: jan (class 4)

निविष्टा (niviṣṭā) - situated, placed, entered, established

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of niviṣṭa

niviṣṭa - situated, placed, entered, established, settled

Past Passive Participle

From ni- + root viś (to enter)

Prefix: ni

Root: viś (class 6)

Note: Past Passive Participle used adjectivally.

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

(indeclinable)

Adverb.

Note: Adverb of place.

शिखरे (śikhare) - on the peak, on the summit

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of śikhara

śikhara - peak, summit, top, crest of a mountain

लङ्का (laṅkā) - The city of Lankā (Lankā (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of laṅkā

laṅkā - The name of the capital city of Rāvaṇa, located on a mountain or island.

Note: Subject of the sentence.

रावणपालिता (rāvaṇapālitā) - protected by Rāvaṇa, ruled by Rāvaṇa

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of rāvaṇapālita

rāvaṇapālita - protected by Rāvaṇa, ruled by Rāvaṇa

Past Passive Participle

Compound: Rāvaṇa (proper noun) + pālita (protected)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rāvaṇa+pālita)

• rāvaṇa – Rāvaṇa (name of the demon king of Lankā)
  proper noun (masculine)
  Root: ru
• pālita – protected, guarded, ruled
  adjective (feminine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root pāl (to protect, guard, rule)
  Root: pāl (class 10)

Note: Past Passive Participle used adjectivally.