वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-30, verse-16

कुर्वन्तस्ते महावेगा महीं चारणपीडिताम् ।
रजश्च सहसैवोर्ध्वं जगाम चरणोद्धतम् ॥१६॥

16. kurvantaste mahāvegā mahīṃ cāraṇapīḍitām ,
rajaśca sahasaivordhvaṃ jagāma caraṇoddhatam.

16. kurvantaḥ te mahāvegāḥ mahīm cāraṇapīḍitām
rajaḥ ca sahasā eva ūrdhvam jagāma caraṇoddhatam

16. te mahāvegāḥ mahīm cāraṇapīḍitām kurvantaḥ ca
caraṇoddhatam rajaḥ sahasā eva ūrdhvam jagāma

16. With great speed, they made the earth trodden upon and shaken. And the dust, stirred up by their feet, suddenly rose upwards.

Words meanings summery:

• कुर्वन्तः (kurvantaḥ) - making, doing, performing

• ते (te) - they

• महावेगाः (mahāvegāḥ) - with great speed, very swift

• महीम् (mahīm) - the earth

• चारणपीडिताम् (cāraṇapīḍitām) - shaken by their feet/treading (trodden upon and oppressed/shaken)

• रजः (rajaḥ) - dust, dirt

• च (ca) - and

• सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, forcibly, quickly

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

• ऊर्ध्वम् (ūrdhvam) - upwards

• जगाम (jagāma) - went, moved

• चरणोद्धतम् (caraṇoddhatam) - stirred up by feet

Words meanings and morphology

कुर्वन्तः (kurvantaḥ) - making, doing, performing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kurvat

kurvat - making, doing

Present Active Participle

From √kṛ (to do, make) + present participle suffix -at.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

ते (te) - they

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, it

Note: Refers to the roaring beings from the previous verse (Vānaras/Rākṣasas).

महावेगाः (mahāvegāḥ) - with great speed, very swift

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mahāvega

mahāvega - great speed, very swift

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahat+vega)

• mahat – great, large
  adjective
• vega – speed, velocity, force
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vij (class 7)

Note: In apposition to 'te'.

महीम् (mahīm) - the earth

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of mahī

mahī - earth, ground

चारणपीडिताम् (cāraṇapīḍitām) - shaken by their feet/treading (trodden upon and oppressed/shaken)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of cāraṇapīḍita

cāraṇapīḍita - trodden upon, distressed by treading

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (cāraṇa+pīḍita)

• cāraṇa – treading, movement, wandering, a wanderer
  noun (masculine/neuter)
  From √car (to move, wander)
  Root: car (class 1)
• pīḍita – oppressed, afflicted, hurt, pressed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From √pīḍ (to press, oppress).
  Root: pīḍ (class 10)

Note: Modifies 'mahīm'.

रजः (rajaḥ) - dust, dirt

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of rajas

rajas - dust, pollen, impurity, menstrual fluid, rajas (quality of passion)

Root: rañj (class 1)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, forcibly, quickly

(indeclinable)

Adverbial use of instrumental of sahas (force).

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

(indeclinable)

ऊर्ध्वम् (ūrdhvam) - upwards

(indeclinable)

जगाम (jagāma) - went, moved

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of gam

Perfect Active

Perfect 3rd person singular, Parasmaipada, of √gam.

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Verb for 'rajaḥ'.

चरणोद्धतम् (caraṇoddhatam) - stirred up by feet

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of caraṇoddhata

caraṇoddhata - stirred up by feet, raised by treading

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (caraṇa+uddhata)

• caraṇa – foot, treading, movement
  noun (masculine/neuter)
  From √car (to move).
  Root: car (class 1)
• uddhata – stirred up, raised, proud
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From ud-√han (to strike up, lift).
  Prefix: ud
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Modifies 'rajaḥ'.