वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-30, verse-1

तां रात्रिमुषितास्तत्र सुवेले हरिपुंगवाः ।
लङ्कायां ददृशुर्वीरा वनान्युपवनानि च ॥१॥

1. tāṃ rātrimuṣitāstatra suvele haripuṃgavāḥ ,
laṅkāyāṃ dadṛśurvīrā vanānyupavanāni ca.

1. tām rātrim uṣitāḥ tatra suvele haripuṅgavāḥ
laṅkāyām dadṛśuḥ vīrāḥ vanāni upavanāni ca

1. Having spent that night there on Suvela mountain, the brave and foremost monkeys (haripuṅgava), observed the forests and groves within Laṅkā.

Words meanings summery:

• ताम् (tām) - that

• रात्रिम् (rātrim) - night

• उषिताः (uṣitāḥ) - having dwelt, having stayed, spent

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

• सुवेले (suvele) - on Suvela (mountain)

• हरिपुङ्गवाः (haripuṅgavāḥ) - the foremost monkeys (excellent monkeys, monkey heroes)

• लङ्कायाम् (laṅkāyām) - in Laṅkā

• ददृशुः (dadṛśuḥ) - they saw

• वीराः (vīrāḥ) - heroes, brave ones

• वनानि (vanāni) - forests

• उपवनानि (upavanāni) - groves, pleasure gardens

• च (ca) - and, also

Words meanings and morphology

ताम् (tām) - that

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, it

रात्रिम् (rātrim) - night

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of rātri

rātri - night

Note: Used adverbially to mean 'during the night'.

उषिताः (uṣitāḥ) - having dwelt, having stayed, spent

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of uṣita

uṣita - dwelt, resided, passed (a night)

Past Passive Participle

From √vas (to dwell), irregular P.P.P.

Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'haripuṅgavāḥ' and 'vīrāḥ'.

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

(indeclinable)

सुवेले (suvele) - on Suvela (mountain)

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of suvela

suvela - Suvela (name of a mountain)

हरिपुङ्गवाः (haripuṅgavāḥ) - the foremost monkeys (excellent monkeys, monkey heroes)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of haripuṅgava

haripuṅgava - excellent monkey, chief of monkeys

Tatpuruṣa compound

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (hari+puṅgava)

• hari – monkey
  noun (masculine)
• puṅgava – bull, chief, excellent one
  noun (masculine)

लङ्कायाम् (laṅkāyām) - in Laṅkā

(proper noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of laṅkā

laṅkā - Laṅkā (proper name of the island/city)

ददृशुः (dadṛśuḥ) - they saw

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (liṭ) of dṛś

Perfect, 3rd person plural

Perfect tense, 3rd plural, from √dṛś

Root: dṛś (class 1)

वीराः (vīrāḥ) - heroes, brave ones

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vīra

vīra - hero, brave man, warrior

Note: Refers to the monkeys.

वनानि (vanāni) - forests

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove, water

उपवनानि (upavanāni) - groves, pleasure gardens

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of upavana

upavana - grove, garden, pleasure garden

Compound: upa (near) + vana (forest)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (upa+vana)

• upa – near, toward, by
  indeclinable
• vana – forest, wood
  noun (neuter)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)