वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-30, verse-12

विविशुस्ते ततस्तानि वनान्युपवनानि च ।
हृष्टाः प्रमुदिता वीरा हरयः कामरूपिणः ॥१२॥

12. viviśuste tatastāni vanānyupavanāni ca ,
hṛṣṭāḥ pramuditā vīrā harayaḥ kāmarūpiṇaḥ.

12. viviśuḥ te tatas tāni vanāni upavanāni ca
hṛṣṭāḥ pramuditāḥ vīrāḥ harayaḥ kāmarūpiṇaḥ

12. tatas te vīrāḥ kāmarūpiṇaḥ hṛṣṭāḥ pramuditāḥ
harayaḥ tāni vanāni upavanāni ca viviśuḥ

12. Then, those valorous monkeys (harayaḥ), capable of assuming any form at will, joyful and greatly pleased, entered those forests and groves.

Words meanings summery:

• विविशुः (viviśuḥ) - they entered

• ते (te) - those (monkeys) (they, those)

• ततस् (tatas) - then, thereafter (then, thence, thereafter)

• तानि (tāni) - those (forests and groves) (those)

• वनानि (vanāni) - forests (forests, woods)

• उपवनानि (upavanāni) - groves (groves, pleasure gardens)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• हृष्टाः (hṛṣṭāḥ) - joyful (delighted, joyful, pleased)

• प्रमुदिताः (pramuditāḥ) - greatly pleased (greatly pleased, jubilant)

• वीराः (vīrāḥ) - valorous ones (heroes, brave ones, warriors)

• हरयः (harayaḥ) - monkeys (vanaras) (monkeys, brown-colored ones)

• कामरूपिणः (kāmarūpiṇaḥ) - capable of assuming any desired form (assuming any form at will)

Words meanings and morphology

विविशुः (viviśuḥ) - they entered

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of viś

Perfect tense, Parasmaipada, 3rd plural

Reduplicated perfect form of the root 'viś'.

Root: viś (class 6)

ते (te) - those (monkeys) (they, those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those, he, she, it

Note: Refers to 'harayaḥ'.

ततस् (tatas) - then, thereafter (then, thence, thereafter)

(indeclinable)

Derived from 'tad' (that) with the 'tasil' suffix.

तानि (tāni) - those (forests and groves) (those)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of tad

tad - that, those, he, she, it

वनानि (vanāni) - forests (forests, woods)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove, thicket

From root 'van' (to love, serve, obtain).

Root: van (class 1)

Note: Direct object of 'viviśuḥ'.

उपवनानि (upavanāni) - groves (groves, pleasure gardens)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of upavana

upavana - grove, pleasure garden, small forest

Compound of 'upa' (near) and 'vana' (forest).

Compound type : tatpurusha (upa+vana)

• upa – near, by, with, secondary, minor
  indeclinable
  A prefix or pre-position indicating proximity or secondary status.
• vana – forest, wood, grove
  noun (neuter)
  From root 'van' (to love, serve, obtain).
  Root: van (class 1)

Note: Direct object of 'viviśuḥ'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

हृष्टाः (hṛṣṭāḥ) - joyful (delighted, joyful, pleased)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of hṛṣṭa

hṛṣṭa - delighted, joyful, pleased

Past Passive Participle

From root 'hṛṣ' (to be glad, rejoice).

Root: hṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'harayaḥ'.

प्रमुदिताः (pramuditāḥ) - greatly pleased (greatly pleased, jubilant)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pramudita

pramudita - greatly pleased, delighted, jubilant

Past Passive Participle

From 'pra' (forth, greatly) + root 'mud' (to rejoice).

Prefix: pra

Root: mud (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'harayaḥ'.

वीराः (vīrāḥ) - valorous ones (heroes, brave ones, warriors)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vīra

vīra - hero, brave man, warrior, valorous

Note: Appositive to 'harayaḥ'.

हरयः (harayaḥ) - monkeys (vanaras) (monkeys, brown-colored ones)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of hari

hari - brown, tawny, monkey, lion, Vishnu, Indra

From root 'hṛ' (to take, carry).

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'viviśuḥ'.

कामरूपिणः (kāmarūpiṇaḥ) - capable of assuming any desired form (assuming any form at will)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kāmarūpin

kāmarūpin - assuming any form at will, shape-shifting

Compound of 'kāma' (desire) and 'rūpin' (having form); 'one who has desired form'.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kāma+rūpin)

• kāma – desire, wish, love
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'kam' (to desire).
  Root: kam (class 1)
• rūpin – having form, embodied, a shape-shifter
  adjective (masculine)
  From 'rūpa' (form) + '-in' suffix (indicating possession).

Note: Qualifies 'harayaḥ'.