वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-100, verse-5

राघवेणाभ्यनुज्ञातो मातलिः शक्रसारथिः ।
दिव्यं तं रथमास्थाय दिवमेवारुरोह सः ॥५॥

5. rāghaveṇābhyanujñāto mātaliḥ śakrasārathiḥ ,
divyaṃ taṃ rathamāsthāya divamevāruroha saḥ.

5. rāghaveṇa abhyanujñātaḥ mātaliḥ śakrasārathiḥ
divyam tam ratham āsthāya divam eva ārūroha saḥ

5. saḥ mātaliḥ śakrasārathiḥ rāghaveṇa abhyanujñātaḥ
divyam tam ratham āsthāya divam eva ārūroha

5. Granted permission by Rāghava (Rāma), Mātali, the charioteer of Indra, mounted that divine chariot and ascended to the sky.

Words meanings summery:

• राघवेण (rāghaveṇa) - by Rāma (by Rāghava, by Rāma)

• अभ्यनुज्ञातः (abhyanujñātaḥ) - permitted (permitted, allowed, given leave)

• मातलिः (mātaliḥ) - Mātali (Mātali (name of Indra's charioteer))

• शक्रसारथिः (śakrasārathiḥ) - Indra's charioteer

• दिव्यम् (divyam) - divine (divine, celestial)

• तम् (tam) - that (that, him)

• रथम् (ratham) - chariot

• आस्थाय (āsthāya) - having mounted (having mounted, having ascended, having resorted to)

• दिवम् (divam) - to the sky (to the sky, to heaven)

• एव (eva) - to (the sky) (indeed, certainly, just, only)

• आरूरोह (ārūroha) - ascended (ascended, mounted)

• सः (saḥ) - he (Mātali) (he)

Words meanings and morphology

राघवेण (rāghaveṇa) - by Rāma (by Rāghava, by Rāma)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of rāghava

rāghava - descendant of Raghu; an epithet of Rāma

अभ्यनुज्ञातः (abhyanujñātaḥ) - permitted (permitted, allowed, given leave)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of abhyanujñāta

abhyanujñāta - permitted, allowed, granted leave

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √jñā (to know) with upasargas abhi and anu.

Prefixes: abhi+anu

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Agrees with Mātaliḥ

मातलिः (mātaliḥ) - Mātali (Mātali (name of Indra's charioteer))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mātali

mātali - Mātali (the charioteer of Indra)

शक्रसारथिः (śakrasārathiḥ) - Indra's charioteer

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śakrasārathi

śakrasārathi - charioteer of Indra

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śakra+sārathi)

• śakra – Indra
  proper noun (masculine)
• sārathi – charioteer
  noun (masculine)

Note: Appositive to Mātaliḥ

दिव्यम् (divyam) - divine (divine, celestial)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of divya

divya - divine, celestial, heavenly

Note: Agrees with ratham

तम् (tam) - that (that, him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Agrees with ratham

रथम् (ratham) - chariot

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot

Note: Object of āsthāya

आस्थाय (āsthāya) - having mounted (having mounted, having ascended, having resorted to)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root √sthā (to stand) with upasarga ā.

Prefix: ā

Root: sthā (class 1)

दिवम् (divam) - to the sky (to the sky, to heaven)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of div

div - sky, heaven, day

Note: Directional accusative

एव (eva) - to (the sky) (indeed, certainly, just, only)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle

आरूरोह (ārūroha) - ascended (ascended, mounted)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of ruh

Perfect Active

Root √ruh with upasarga ā, perfect tense, 3rd person singular.

Prefix: ā

Root: ruh (class 1)

सः (saḥ) - he (Mātali) (he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Mātali