वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-48, verse-4

कालश्च नो महान्यातः सुग्रीवश्चोग्रशासनः ।
तस्माद्भवन्तः सहिता विचिन्वन्तु समन्ततः ॥४॥

4. kālaśca no mahānyātaḥ sugrīvaścograśāsanaḥ ,
tasmādbhavantaḥ sahitā vicinvantu samantataḥ.

4. kālaḥ ca naḥ mahān yātaḥ sugrīvaḥ ca ugraśāsanaḥ
| tasmāt bhavantaḥ sahitāḥ vicinvantu samantataḥ

4. naḥ mahān kālaḥ yātaḥ ca sugrīvaḥ ugraśāsanaḥ ca
tasmāt sahitāḥ bhavantaḥ samantataḥ vicinvantu

4. Much time has passed for us, and Sugriva is one whose command is stern. Therefore, you all, united, should search everywhere.

Words meanings summery:

• कालः (kālaḥ) - time, duration (time, period, black)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• नः (naḥ) - for us (to us, our, us)

• महान् (mahān) - much, considerable (great, large, extensive)

• यातः (yātaḥ) - passed (gone, passed, arrived)

• सुग्रीवः (sugrīvaḥ) - Sugriva (Sugriva (name of monkey king))

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• उग्रशासनः (ugraśāsanaḥ) - whose command is stern (having fierce rule, severe in command)

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore (therefore, from that)

• भवन्तः (bhavantaḥ) - you all (you (plural, honorific))

• सहिताः (sahitāḥ) - united, together (united, accompanied, together)

• विचिन्वन्तु (vicinvantu) - should search (let them search, they should search)

• समन्ततः (samantataḥ) - everywhere (everywhere, all around, on all sides)

Words meanings and morphology

कालः (kālaḥ) - time, duration (time, period, black)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, period, season, death

Masculine noun

Root: kal

Note: Subject of 'yātaḥ'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

Note: Placed after the word it connects

नः (naḥ) - for us (to us, our, us)

(pronoun)

plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

First person pronoun stem, enclitic form

महान् (mahān) - much, considerable (great, large, extensive)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, extensive, mighty

Adjective stem ending in -t

यातः (yātaḥ) - passed (gone, passed, arrived)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yāta

yāta - gone, passed, arrived

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root yā (to go) + suffix -ta

Root: yā (class 2)

सुग्रीवः (sugrīvaḥ) - Sugriva (Sugriva (name of monkey king))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sugrīva

sugrīva - Sugriva (literally 'good neck')

Masculine noun

Note: Subject.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

Note: Placed after the word it connects

उग्रशासनः (ugraśāsanaḥ) - whose command is stern (having fierce rule, severe in command)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ugraśāsana

ugraśāsana - having fierce rule, strict command, severe discipline

Bahuvrihi compound

Compound type : bahuvrihi (ugra+śāsana)

• ugra – fierce, dreadful, severe, stern
  adjective (masculine)
• śāsana – command, rule, governing, instruction
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from root śās (to rule, command)
  Root: śās (class 2)

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore (therefore, from that)

(indeclinable)

Ablative singular of 'tad' (that), functions as an adverb meaning 'therefore'

भवन्तः (bhavantaḥ) - you all (you (plural, honorific))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhavat

bhavat - your honor, you, being (present participle)

present active participle of bhū (to be, become)

Present participle used as a polite second person pronoun.

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'vicinvantu'.

सहिताः (sahitāḥ) - united, together (united, accompanied, together)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sahita

sahita - accompanied, associated, together, united

Past Passive Participle

From prefix sa- (with) + root dhā (to place) + kta, or perhaps from sa (with) + hita (placed). More commonly associated with 'saha' (with).

Root: dhā (class 3)

विचिन्वन्तु (vicinvantu) - should search (let them search, they should search)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperative (loṭ) of ci

imperative, 3rd plural, active, parasmaipada

From prefix 'vi' (apart, extensively) + root 'ci' (to collect, search).

Prefix: vi

Root: ci (class 5)

Note: The imperative is directed at the 'bhavantaḥ' (you all).

समन्ततः (samantataḥ) - everywhere (everywhere, all around, on all sides)

(indeclinable)

Adverb formed from 'samanta' (all-around) + suffix -tas

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