वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-48, verse-2

वनानि गिरयो नद्यो दुर्गाणि गहनानि च ।
दर्यो गिरिगुहाश्चैव विचिता नः समन्ततः ॥२॥

2. vanāni girayo nadyo durgāṇi gahanāni ca ,
daryo giriguhāścaiva vicitā naḥ samantataḥ.

2. vanāni girayaḥ nadyaḥ durgāṇi gahanāni ca |
daryaḥ giriguhāḥ ca eva vicitāḥ naḥ samantataḥ

2. vanāni girayaḥ nadyaḥ durgāṇi gahanāni ca
daryaḥ giriguhāḥ ca eva naḥ samantataḥ vicitāḥ

2. Forests, mountains, rivers, inaccessible terrains, and dense thickets, as well as ravines and mountain-caves, have all been thoroughly explored by us from every side.

Words meanings summery:

• वनानि (vanāni) - forests, groves

• गिरयः (girayaḥ) - mountains, hills

• नद्यः (nadyaḥ) - rivers

• दुर्गाणि (durgāṇi) - difficult places, inaccessible places, fortresses

• गहनानि (gahanāni) - dense thickets, deep places, inaccessible places

• च (ca) - and, also

• दर्यः (daryaḥ) - caves, ravines, valleys

• गिरिगुहाः (giriguhāḥ) - mountain-caves

• च (ca) - and, also

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly

• विचिताः (vicitāḥ) - searched, explored, investigated

• नः (naḥ) - by us; us, our

• समन्ततः (samantataḥ) - on all sides, all around, completely

Words meanings and morphology

वनानि (vanāni) - forests, groves

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove

From root van (to love, desire)

Root: van (class 1)

गिरयः (girayaḥ) - mountains, hills

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of giri

giri - mountain, hill

From root gṛ (to swallow) or gṝ (to rise)

Root: gṛ (class 6)

नद्यः (nadyaḥ) - rivers

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of nadī

nadī - river

From root nad (to sound, roar)

Root: nad (class 1)

दुर्गाणि (durgāṇi) - difficult places, inaccessible places, fortresses

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of durga

durga - difficult to access, impregnable; fortress, inaccessible place

From dur (difficult) + gam (to go)

Prefix: dur

Root: gam (class 1)

गहनानि (gahanāni) - dense thickets, deep places, inaccessible places

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of gahana

gahana - deep, dense, impenetrable; thicket, deep forest

From root gah (to be deep)

Root: gah (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

दर्यः (daryaḥ) - caves, ravines, valleys

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of darī

darī - cave, cavern, ravine, valley

From root dṛ (to split, rend)

Root: dṛ (class 1)

गिरिगुहाः (giriguhāḥ) - mountain-caves

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of giriguhā

giriguhā - mountain cave

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (giri+guhā)

• giri – mountain, hill
  noun (masculine)
• guhā – cave, cavern
  noun (feminine)
  From root guh (to hide)
  Root: guh (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly

(indeclinable)

विचिताः (vicitāḥ) - searched, explored, investigated

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of vicita

vicita - searched, investigated, explored; wonderful, varied, diverse

Past Passive Participle

From vi-√ci (to seek, investigate) + -ta suffix

Prefix: vi

Root: cī (class 5)

नः (naḥ) - by us; us, our

(pronoun)

Instrumental, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

Enclitic form for instrumental/dative/genitive plural of asmad

समन्ततः (samantataḥ) - on all sides, all around, completely

(indeclinable)

From samanta (all-sided) + -tas suffix (from)

Previous Verse Next Verse