वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-48, verse-20

अवरुह्य ततो भूमिं श्रान्ता विगतचेतसः ।
स्थित्वा मुहूर्तं तत्राथ वृक्षमूलमुपाश्रिताः ॥२०॥

20. avaruhya tato bhūmiṃ śrāntā vigatacetasaḥ ,
sthitvā muhūrtaṃ tatrātha vṛkṣamūlamupāśritāḥ.

20. avaruhya tataḥ bhūmim śrāntāḥ vigatacetasaḥ
sthitvā muhūrtam tatra atha vṛkṣamūlam upāśritāḥ

20. tataḥ bhūmim avaruhya śrāntāḥ vigatacetasaḥ
tatra muhūrtam sthitvā atha vṛkṣamūlam upāśritāḥ

20. Having descended from there to the ground, weary and disheartened, they stayed there for a moment, and then took shelter at the base of a tree.

Words meanings summery:

• अवरुह्य (avaruhya) - having descended, having gone down

• ततः (tataḥ) - from there, thence, thereupon

• भूमिम् (bhūmim) - ground, earth, land

• श्रान्ताः (śrāntāḥ) - tired, weary, exhausted

• विगतचेतसः (vigatacetasaḥ) - disheartened, with lost spirits, dejected

• स्थित्वा (sthitvā) - having stood, having stayed, having remained

• मुहूर्तम् (muhūrtam) - for a moment, for a short while

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

• अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, now

• वृक्षमूलम् (vṛkṣamūlam) - base of a tree, tree root

• उपाश्रिताः (upāśritāḥ) - took shelter, resorted to, sought refuge

Words meanings and morphology

अवरुह्य (avaruhya) - having descended, having gone down

(indeclinable)

absolutive/gerund

Formed from root ruh (to ascend) with upasarga ava (down)

Prefix: ava

Root: ruh (class 1)

ततः (tataḥ) - from there, thence, thereupon

(indeclinable)

भूमिम् (bhūmim) - ground, earth, land

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of bhūmi

bhūmi - ground, earth, land, soil

श्रान्ताः (śrāntāḥ) - tired, weary, exhausted

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śrānta

śrānta - tired, weary, exhausted

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root śram (to be weary, to exert oneself)

Root: śram (class 4)

Note: Agrees with the implied subjects (monkeys).

विगतचेतसः (vigatacetasaḥ) - disheartened, with lost spirits, dejected

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vigataceta

vigataceta - disheartened, with lost spirits, dejected

Compound type : bahuvrihi (vigata+cetas)

• vigata – gone away, lost, departed
  participle
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root gam (to go) with upasarga vi
  Prefix: vi
  Root: gam (class 1)
• cetas – mind, spirit, consciousness, heart
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with the implied subjects (monkeys).

स्थित्वा (sthitvā) - having stood, having stayed, having remained

(indeclinable)

absolutive/gerund

Formed from root sthā (to stand) with suffix -tvā

Root: sthā (class 1)

मुहूर्तम् (muhūrtam) - for a moment, for a short while

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of muhūrta

muhūrta - moment, short period of time, hour (ancient Indian unit of time)

Note: Used adverbially to denote duration of time.

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

(indeclinable)

अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, now

(indeclinable)

वृक्षमूलम् (vṛkṣamūlam) - base of a tree, tree root

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vṛkṣamūla

vṛkṣamūla - base of a tree, tree root

Compound type : tatpurusha (vṛkṣa+mūla)

• vṛkṣa – tree
  noun (masculine)
• mūla – root, base, foundation
  noun (neuter)

उपाश्रिताः (upāśritāḥ) - took shelter, resorted to, sought refuge

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of upāśrita

upāśrita - resorted to, sought refuge, dependent on

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root śri (to resort to, serve) with upasargas upa and ā

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: śri (class 1)

Note: Agrees with the implied subjects (monkeys).