वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-30, verse-8

सामोपहितया वाचा रूक्षाणि परिवर्जयन् ।
वक्तुमर्हसि सुग्रीवं व्यतीतं कालपर्यये ॥८॥

8. sāmopahitayā vācā rūkṣāṇi parivarjayan ,
vaktumarhasi sugrīvaṃ vyatītaṃ kālaparyaye.

8. sāmopahitayā vācā rūkṣāṇi parivarjayan
vaktum arhasi sugrīvam vyatītam kālaparyaye

8. rūkṣāṇi parivarjayan sāmopahitayā vācā
kālaparyaye vyatītam sugrīvam vaktum arhasi

8. You should speak to Sugriva, avoiding harshness, with gentle words regarding the elapsed time.

Words meanings summery:

• सामोपहितया (sāmopahitayā) - endowed with conciliatory words, with gentle speech

• वाचा (vācā) - by speech, with words

• रूक्षाणि (rūkṣāṇi) - harsh words or harshness (harsh (words), rough)

• परिवर्जयन् (parivarjayan) - avoiding, abandoning, leaving aside

• वक्तुम् (vaktum) - to speak, to say, to tell

• अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought (you are able, you ought, you deserve)

• सुग्रीवम् (sugrīvam) - to Sugriva

• व्यतीतम् (vyatītam) - what has elapsed; regarding the fact that time has passed (passed, elapsed)

• कालपर्यये (kālaparyaye) - concerning the lapse of time (in the lapse of time, concerning the passage of time)

Words meanings and morphology

सामोपहितया (sāmopahitayā) - endowed with conciliatory words, with gentle speech

(adjective)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of sāmopahita

sāmopahita - furnished with conciliation, endowed with gentle means

Tatpuruṣa compound: sāma + upahita.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sāma+upahita)

• sāma – conciliation, gentle approach, mildness
  noun (neuter)
• upahita – placed upon, endowed with, furnished with
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  PPP from root dhā (to place) with prefix upa-.
  Prefix: upa
  Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Modifies vācā.

वाचा (vācā) - by speech, with words

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of vāc

vāc - speech, word, voice

From root vac (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

रूक्षाणि (rūkṣāṇi) - harsh words or harshness (harsh (words), rough)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, plural of rūkṣa

rūkṣa - harsh, rough, dry, unkind

Note: Implies 'harsh words' or 'harsh things'.

परिवर्जयन् (parivarjayan) - avoiding, abandoning, leaving aside

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parivarjayat

parivarjayat - avoiding, abandoning, shunning

Present Active Participle (causative)

Present active participle from root vṛj (to avoid) with prefix pari- and causative suffix.

Prefix: pari

Root: vṛj (class 10)

Note: Refers to the implied subject, 'you' (Lakshmana).

वक्तुम् (vaktum) - to speak, to say, to tell

(infinitive)

Note: Expresses purpose or capability.

अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought (you are able, you ought, you deserve)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (lat) of arh

Root: arh (class 1)

Note: Addressed to Lakshmana.

सुग्रीवम् (sugrīvam) - to Sugriva

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sugrīva

sugrīva - Sugriva (proper noun, king of Vanaras)

Note: Object of 'vaktum'.

व्यतीतम् (vyatītam) - what has elapsed; regarding the fact that time has passed (passed, elapsed)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vyatīta

vyatīta - passed, gone by, elapsed

Past Passive Participle

PPP from root i (to go) with prefixes vi- and ati-.

Prefixes: vi+ati

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Used adverbially or as a nominalized participle, referring to the elapsed state of time, in agreement with the implicit object of 'speaking about'.

कालपर्यये (kālaparyaye) - concerning the lapse of time (in the lapse of time, concerning the passage of time)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of kālaparyaya

kālaparyaya - lapse of time, course of time, succession of time

Tatpuruṣa compound: kāla + paryaya.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kāla+paryaya)

• kāla – time, season, period
  noun (masculine)
• paryaya – lapse, turn, change, course
  noun (masculine)
  From root i (to go) with prefixes pari- and ā-.
  Prefixes: pari+ā
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Indicates the topic of discussion, 'concerning the lapse of time'.

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