वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-9, verse-11

होमकाले तु संप्राप्ते पर्वकालेषु चानघ ।
धर्षयन्ति स्म दुर्धर्षा राक्षसाः पिशिताशनाः ॥११॥

11. homakāle tu saṃprāpte parvakāleṣu cānagha ,
dharṣayanti sma durdharṣā rākṣasāḥ piśitāśanāḥ.

11. homakāle tu samprāpte parvakāleṣu ca anagha
dharṣayanti sma durdharṣāḥ rākṣasāḥ piśitāśanāḥ

11. anagha homakāle parvakāleṣu ca samprāpte
durdharṣāḥ piśitāśanāḥ rākṣasāḥ dharṣayanti sma

11. O blameless one, when the time for ritual offerings (homa) arrived and during auspicious times, formidable flesh-eating demons (rākṣasas) used to harass us.

Words meanings summery:

• होमकाले (homakāle) - at the time of fire ritual

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• सम्प्राप्ते (samprāpte) - having arrived, having occurred, when it arrived

• पर्वकालेषु (parvakāleṣu) - during auspicious times, on festive occasions

• च (ca) - and, also

• अनघ (anagha) - Addressed to Rama (O blameless one, O sinless one)

• धर्षयन्ति (dharṣayanti) - they harass, they molest, they insult

• स्म (sma) - used to harass (particle indicating past habitual action with present tense verb)

• दुर्धर्षाः (durdharṣāḥ) - formidable, unconquerable, difficult to subdue

• राक्षसाः (rākṣasāḥ) - demons

• पिशिताशनाः (piśitāśanāḥ) - flesh-eaters

Words meanings and morphology

होमकाले (homakāle) - at the time of fire ritual

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of homakāla

homakāla - time for a fire ritual/offering

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (homa+kāla)

• homa – fire ritual, oblation
  noun (masculine)
  Root: √hu (class 3)
• kāla – time, season, period
  noun (masculine)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

सम्प्राप्ते (samprāpte) - having arrived, having occurred, when it arrived

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of samprāpta

samprāpta - arrived, reached, obtained, happened

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root √āp (to obtain) with prefixes sam- and pra-

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: √āp (class 5)

Note: Agrees with homakāle and parvakāleṣu (implicitly)

पर्वकालेषु (parvakāleṣu) - during auspicious times, on festive occasions

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of parvakāla

parvakāla - festive season, auspicious time

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (parva+kāla)

• parva – knot, joint, section, festive day, auspicious occasion
  noun (neuter)
• kāla – time, season, period
  noun (masculine)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अनघ (anagha) - Addressed to Rama (O blameless one, O sinless one)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of anagha

anagha - sinless, blameless, pure, faultless

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+agha)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• agha – sin, fault, evil, distress
  noun (neuter)

धर्षयन्ति (dharṣayanti) - they harass, they molest, they insult

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present indicative (laṭ) of √dhṛṣ

Causative present active

Present tense, 3rd person plural, active voice, causative stem (dharṣayati)

Root: √dhṛṣ (class 1)

स्म (sma) - used to harass (particle indicating past habitual action with present tense verb)

(indeclinable)

दुर्धर्षाः (durdharṣāḥ) - formidable, unconquerable, difficult to subdue

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of durdharṣa

durdharṣa - difficult to be overcome, unassailable, formidable

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle

Derived from root √dhṛṣ with prefix dur- (meaning difficult or bad)

Compound type : prādi-samāsa (Upapada Tatpuruṣa) (dur+dharṣa)

• dur – bad, difficult, ill
  indeclinable
  Prefix
• dharṣa – to be bold, assailable, attackable (root meaning); assault
  noun (masculine)
  Root: √dhṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies rākṣasāḥ

राक्षसाः (rākṣasāḥ) - demons

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rākṣasa

rākṣasa - demon, evil spirit, rākṣasa

पिशिताशनाः (piśitāśanāḥ) - flesh-eaters

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of piśitāśana

piśitāśana - flesh-eater, carnivorous

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (piśita+aśana)

• piśita – flesh, meat
  noun (neuter)
• aśana – eating, food
  noun (neuter)
  Root: √aś (class 9)

Note: Qualifies rākṣasāḥ