वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-56, verse-3

राज्यभ्रष्टस्य दीनस्य दण्डकान्परिधावतः ।
क्व सा दुःखसहाया मे वैदेही तनुमध्यमा ॥३॥

3. rājyabhraṣṭasya dīnasya daṇḍakānparidhāvataḥ ,
kva sā duḥkhasahāyā me vaidehī tanumadhyamā.

3. rājyabhraṣṭasya dīnasya daṇḍakān paridhāvataḥ
kva sā duḥkhasahāyā me vaidehī tanumadhyamā

3. rājyabhraṣṭasya dīnasya daṇḍakān paridhāvataḥ
me duḥkhasahāyā tanumadhyamā sā vaidehī kva

3. Where is that slender-waisted Vaidehi (Sita), my companion in sorrow, who supported me, a distressed one fallen from my kingdom, as I roamed the Dandaka forest?

Words meanings summery:

• राज्यभ्रष्टस्य (rājyabhraṣṭasya) - of me (Rama) who has fallen from the kingdom (of one fallen from the kingdom, exiled)

• दीनस्य (dīnasya) - of me (Rama) who is distressed (of the distressed, miserable one)

• दण्डकान् (daṇḍakān) - to/through the Dandakas (forest)

• परिधावतः (paridhāvataḥ) - of me (Rama) who wandered (of one running around, wandering, roaming)

• क्व (kva) - where?

• सा (sā) - that Vaidehi (Sita) (she)

• दुःखसहाया (duḥkhasahāyā) - my companion in sorrow (Vaidehi) (companion in sorrow, helper in distress)

• मे (me) - my (referring to Rama) (my, to me)

• वैदेही (vaidehī) - Sita, princess of Videha (Vaidehi)

• तनुमध्यमा (tanumadhyamā) - Sita, who is slender-waisted (slender-waisted)

Words meanings and morphology

राज्यभ्रष्टस्य (rājyabhraṣṭasya) - of me (Rama) who has fallen from the kingdom (of one fallen from the kingdom, exiled)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rājyabhraṣṭa

rājyabhraṣṭa - fallen from kingdom, deprived of sovereignty

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājya+bhraṣṭa)

• rājya – kingdom, reign
  noun (neuter)
• bhraṣṭa – fallen, deviated, lost
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root bhraś (to fall)
  Root: bhraś (class 1)

Note: Agrees with implied 'me' (my, i.e. Rama's)

दीनस्य (dīnasya) - of me (Rama) who is distressed (of the distressed, miserable one)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of dīna

dīna - distressed, miserable, poor, humble

Past Passive Participle of 'dai' (to pine, decay)

Root: dai (class 4)

Note: Agrees with implied 'me' (my, i.e. Rama's)

दण्डकान् (daṇḍakān) - to/through the Dandakas (forest)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of daṇḍaka

daṇḍaka - Dandaka (a region/forest)

Note: Object of motion implied by 'paridhāvataḥ'

परिधावतः (paridhāvataḥ) - of me (Rama) who wandered (of one running around, wandering, roaming)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of paridhāvat

paridhāvat - running around, wandering, roaming

Present Active Participle

Formed from root dhāv with upasarga pari

Prefix: pari

Root: dhāv (class 1)

Note: Agrees with implied 'me' (my, i.e. Rama's)

क्व (kva) - where?

(indeclinable)

सा (sā) - that Vaidehi (Sita) (she)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

दुःखसहाया (duḥkhasahāyā) - my companion in sorrow (Vaidehi) (companion in sorrow, helper in distress)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of duḥkhasahāyā

duḥkhasahāyā - female companion in sorrow, helper in distress

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (duḥkha+sahāya)

• duḥkha – suffering, pain, sorrow, distress
  noun (neuter)
• sahāya – companion, helper, ally
  noun (masculine)

मे (me) - my (referring to Rama) (my, to me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

वैदेही (vaidehī) - Sita, princess of Videha (Vaidehi)

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vaidehī

vaidehī - Vaidehi (princess of Videha, Sita)

तनुमध्यमा (tanumadhyamā) - Sita, who is slender-waisted (slender-waisted)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tanumadhyamā

tanumadhyamā - slender-waisted (epithet for a beautiful woman)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (tanu+madhyama)

• tanu – slender, thin, body
  adjective
• madhyama – middle, waist
  noun (masculine)