वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-56, verse-16

दुःखिताः खरघातेन राक्षसाः पिशिताशनाः ।
तैः सीता निहता घोरैर्भविष्यति न संशयः ॥१६॥

16. duḥkhitāḥ kharaghātena rākṣasāḥ piśitāśanāḥ ,
taiḥ sītā nihatā ghorairbhaviṣyati na saṃśayaḥ.

16. duḥkhitāḥ kharaghātena rākṣasāḥ piśitāśanāḥ |
taiḥ sītā nihatā ghoraiḥ bhaviṣyati na saṃśayaḥ

16. kharaghātena duḥkhitāḥ piśitāśanāḥ rākṣasāḥ
taiḥ ghoraiḥ sītā nihatā bhaviṣyati na saṃśayaḥ

16. The flesh-eating demons (rakṣasa), distressed by the slaying of Khara, will certainly have killed Sītā – there is no doubt about this.

Words meanings summery:

• दुःखिताः (duḥkhitāḥ) - distressed, grieved, unhappy

• खरघातेन (kharaghātena) - by the slaying of Khara, by Khara's destruction

• राक्षसाः (rākṣasāḥ) - demons, Rākṣasas

• पिशिताशनाः (piśitāśanāḥ) - flesh-eaters

• तैः (taiḥ) - by them

• सीता (sītā) - Princess Sītā (Sītā)

• निहता (nihatā) - killed, slain

• घोरैः (ghoraiḥ) - by the terrible, by the dreadful

• भविष्यति (bhaviṣyati) - will be

• न (na) - not, no

• संशयः (saṁśayaḥ) - doubt, uncertainty

Words meanings and morphology

दुःखिताः (duḥkhitāḥ) - distressed, grieved, unhappy

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of duḥkhita

duḥkhita - distressed, grieved, unhappy, sorrowful

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root dukh (to suffer, to cause pain)

Root: dukh (class 1)

खरघातेन (kharaghātena) - by the slaying of Khara, by Khara's destruction

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kharaghāta

kharaghāta - slaying of Khara, destruction of Khara

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (khara+ghāta)

• khara – Khara (name of a demon), donkey, harsh
  proper noun (masculine)
• ghāta – slaying, killing, striking, destruction
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root han (to strike, kill)
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Cause for the demons being distressed.

राक्षसाः (rākṣasāḥ) - demons, Rākṣasas

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rākṣasa

rākṣasa - demon, Rākṣasa, a class of malevolent beings

Derived from rakṣas (demon)

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

पिशिताशनाः (piśitāśanāḥ) - flesh-eaters

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of piśitāśana

piśitāśana - flesh-eater, carnivore (epithet for Rākṣasas)

Compound type : upapada tatpuruṣa (piśita+āśana)

• piśita – flesh, meat
  noun (neuter)
  Root: piś (class 7)
• āśana – eating, food, eater
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from root aś (to eat)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: aś (class 9)

Note: Agrees with 'rākṣasāḥ'

तैः (taiḥ) - by them

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the 'rākṣasāḥ'. Agent in the passive construction 'sītā nihatā bhaviṣyati'.

सीता (sītā) - Princess Sītā (Sītā)

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of sītā

sītā - Sītā (name of Rāma's wife), furrow, agricultural land

निहता (nihatā) - killed, slain

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of nihata

nihata - killed, slain, struck down

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root han (to strike, kill) with prefix ni-

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Forms part of the compound predicate 'nihatā bhaviṣyati'.

घोरैः (ghoraiḥ) - by the terrible, by the dreadful

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of ghora

ghora - terrible, dreadful, formidable, fierce

Root: ghūrṇ (class 1)

Note: Emphasizes the nature of the demons.

भविष्यति (bhaviṣyati) - will be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of bhū

Future tense, 3rd person singular, active voice

Derived from root bhū (to be)

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Syntactically, it functions with 'nihatā' to express a future passive state.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates 'saṃśayaḥ'

संशयः (saṁśayaḥ) - doubt, uncertainty

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃśaya

saṁśaya - doubt, uncertainty, suspicion, indecision

Derived from root śī (to lie) with prefixes sam- and śaya- (from śī)

Prefix: sam

Root: śī (class 2)

Note: Used in the idiom 'na saṃśayaḥ' meaning 'there is no doubt'.