वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-56, verse-1

स दृष्ट्वा लक्ष्मणं दीनं शून्ये दशरथात्मजः ।
पर्यपृच्छत धर्मात्मा वैदेहीमागतं विना ॥१॥

1. sa dṛṣṭvā lakṣmaṇaṃ dīnaṃ śūnye daśarathātmajaḥ ,
paryapṛcchata dharmātmā vaidehīmāgataṃ vinā.

1. sa dṛṣṭvā lakṣmaṇam dīnam śūnye daśarathātmajaḥ
paryapṛcchata dharmātmā vaidehīm āgatam vinā

1. dharmātmā daśarathātmajaḥ saḥ śūnye dīnam
lakṣmaṇam dṛṣṭvā vaidehīm vinā āgatam paryapṛcchata

1. Seeing Lakshmana distressed and in that desolate place, Rama, whose soul was devoted to natural law (dharma), questioned him, as Vaidehi (Sita) had not arrived with him.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - Rama (he, that)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• लक्ष्मणम् (lakṣmaṇam) - Lakshmana

• दीनम् (dīnam) - distressed, miserable, poor

• शून्ये (śūnye) - in the empty place, in the desolate place

• दशरथात्मजः (daśarathātmajaḥ) - Rama (the son of Dasharatha)

• पर्यपृच्छत (paryapṛcchata) - asked, questioned

• धर्मात्मा (dharmātmā) - Rama, the righteous one (whose soul is devoted to natural law (dharma), righteous)

• वैदेहीम् (vaidehīm) - Sita, princess of Videha (Vaidehi)

• आगतम् (āgatam) - Lakshmana, having come (without Vaidehi) (having come, arrived)

• विना (vinā) - without

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - Rama (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Absolutive form

लक्ष्मणम् (lakṣmaṇam) - Lakshmana

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of lakṣmaṇa

lakṣmaṇa - Lakshmana (Rama's younger brother)

दीनम् (dīnam) - distressed, miserable, poor

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dīna

dīna - distressed, miserable, poor, humble

Past Passive Participle of 'dai' (to pine, decay)

Root: dai (class 4)

Note: Agrees with Lakshmana

शून्ये (śūnye) - in the empty place, in the desolate place

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of śūnya

śūnya - empty, void, desolate, zero

दशरथात्मजः (daśarathātmajaḥ) - Rama (the son of Dasharatha)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of daśarathātmaja

daśarathātmaja - son of Dasharatha

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (daśaratha+ātmaja)

• daśaratha – Dasharatha (a king, Rama's father)
  proper noun (masculine)
• ātmaja – son, born of oneself
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from ātman + root jan (to be born) + suffix ḍa
  Root: jan (class 4)

पर्यपृच्छत (paryapṛcchata) - asked, questioned

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of pari+pracch

Prefixes: pari+apa

Root: pracch (class 6)

धर्मात्मा (dharmātmā) - Rama, the righteous one (whose soul is devoted to natural law (dharma), righteous)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmātman

dharmātman - whose soul is devoted to natural law (dharma), righteous, virtuous

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dharma+ātman)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, individual soul
  noun (masculine)

वैदेहीम् (vaidehīm) - Sita, princess of Videha (Vaidehi)

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vaidehī

vaidehī - Vaidehi (princess of Videha, Sita)

आगतम् (āgatam) - Lakshmana, having come (without Vaidehi) (having come, arrived)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āgata

āgata - come, arrived, approached

Past Passive Participle

Formed from root gam with upasarga ā

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with Lakshmana (implied subject of 'come')

विना (vinā) - without

(indeclinable)