वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-46, verse-20

कथं वैश्रवणं देवं सर्वभूतनमस्कृतम् ।
भ्रातरं व्यपदिश्य त्वमशुभं कर्तुमिच्छसि ॥२०॥

20. kathaṃ vaiśravaṇaṃ devaṃ sarvabhūtanamaskṛtam ,
bhrātaraṃ vyapadiśya tvamaśubhaṃ kartumicchasi.

20. katham vaiśravaṇam devam sarva-bhūta-namaskṛtam
bhrātaram vyapadiśya tvam aśubham kartum icchasi

20. tvam sarva-bhūta-namaskṛtam devam vaiśravaṇam
bhrātaram vyapadiśya aśubham kartum katham icchasi?

20. How is it that you, claiming Vaiśravaṇa, the god revered by all beings, as your brother, wish to commit such an evil act?

Words meanings summery:

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner, why

• वैश्रवणम् (vaiśravaṇam) - to Vaiśravaṇa (Kubera)

• देवम् (devam) - god, deity

• सर्व-भूत-नमस्कृतम् (sarva-bhūta-namaskṛtam) - revered by all beings, saluted by all creatures

• भ्रातरम् (bhrātaram) - brother

• व्यपदिश्य (vyapadiśya) - having referred to as your brother (having named, having designated, having claimed)

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• अशुभम् (aśubham) - an evil deed (evil, inauspicious, wrong)

• कर्तुम् (kartum) - to do, to make, to perform

• इच्छसि (icchasi) - you wish, you desire

Words meanings and morphology

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner, why

(indeclinable)

Interrogative adverb.

वैश्रवणम् (vaiśravaṇam) - to Vaiśravaṇa (Kubera)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vaiśravaṇa

vaiśravaṇa - son of Viśravas, Kubera (the god of wealth and king of Yakṣas)

Masculine accusative singular. Patronymic from Viśravas.

देवम् (devam) - god, deity

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of deva

deva - god, deity, divine being

Masculine accusative singular.

Root: div (class 4)

सर्व-भूत-नमस्कृतम् (sarva-bhūta-namaskṛtam) - revered by all beings, saluted by all creatures

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sarva-bhūta-namaskṛta

sarva-bhūta-namaskṛta - saluted by all beings, honored by all creatures

Compound adjective, masculine accusative singular, modifying Vaiśravaṇa. Instrumental Tatpurusha.

Compound type : tatpurusha (sarva+bhūta+namaskṛta)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  pronoun/adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
• bhūta – being, creature, element, what has been
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root bhū (to be).
  Root: bhū (class 1)
• namaskṛta – honored, saluted, revered
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From namas (obeisance) + kṛ (to do/make).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

भ्रातरम् (bhrātaram) - brother

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother

Masculine accusative singular.

व्यपदिश्य (vyapadiśya) - having referred to as your brother (having named, having designated, having claimed)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed with suffix -ya after the prefixes vi and apa.

Prefixes: vi+apa

Root: diś (class 6)

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (singular)

Second person singular pronoun.

अशुभम् (aśubham) - an evil deed (evil, inauspicious, wrong)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of aśubha

aśubha - inauspicious, unlucky, evil, bad

Nañ-tatpuruṣa compound: a- (not) + śubha (auspicious). Neuter accusative singular, used substantively as 'an evil act'.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+śubha)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• śubha – auspicious, fortunate, good, beautiful
  adjective/noun (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  Root: śubh (class 1)

कर्तुम् (kartum) - to do, to make, to perform

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Formed with suffix -tum.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Functions as the object of icchasi.

इच्छसि (icchasi) - you wish, you desire

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of iṣ

Present tense, second person singular.

From root iṣ (6th class).

Root: iṣ (class 6)

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