वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-25, verse-20

तैर्मुक्तकेशैः समरे पतितैः शोणितोक्षितैः ।
आस्तीर्णा वसुधा कृत्स्ना महावेदिः कुशैरिव ॥२०॥

20. tairmuktakeśaiḥ samare patitaiḥ śoṇitokṣitaiḥ ,
āstīrṇā vasudhā kṛtsnā mahāvediḥ kuśairiva.

20. taiḥ muktakeśaiḥ samare patitaiḥ śoṇitokṣitaiḥ
āstīrṇā vasudhā kṛtsnā mahāvediḥ kuśaiḥ iva

20. samare muktakeśaiḥ śoṇitokṣitaiḥ patitaiḥ taiḥ
vasudhā kṛtsnā kuśaiḥ mahāvediḥ iva āstīrṇā

20. The entire earth was covered by those fallen in battle, with their hair dishevelled and drenched in blood, just as a great ritual altar (mahāvedi) is covered with Kuśa grass.

Words meanings summery:

• तैः (taiḥ) - by them, by those

• मुक्तकेशैः (muktakeśaiḥ) - by those with dishevelled hair, by those whose hair is loose

• समरे (samare) - in battle, in conflict

• पतितैः (patitaiḥ) - by the fallen, by those who fell

• शोणितोक्षितैः (śoṇitokṣitaiḥ) - by those drenched in blood, by those sprinkled with blood

• आस्तीर्णा (āstīrṇā) - spread, covered, strewn

• वसुधा (vasudhā) - the earth, the ground

• कृत्स्ना (kṛtsnā) - entire, whole, complete

• महावेदिः (mahāvediḥ) - a great altar, a large sacrificial ground

• कुशैः (kuśaiḥ) - by Kuśa grass, with Kuśa grass

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

Words meanings and morphology

तैः (taiḥ) - by them, by those

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the fallen rakṣasas.

मुक्तकेशैः (muktakeśaiḥ) - by those with dishevelled hair, by those whose hair is loose

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of muktakeśa

muktakeśa - having dishevelled hair

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mukta+keśa)

• mukta – released, loose, dishevelled
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from √muc (to release) + kta suffix
  Root: muc (class 6)
• keśa – hair
  noun (masculine)

Note: Describes 'taiḥ'.

समरे (samare) - in battle, in conflict

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samara

samara - battle, war, conflict

पतितैः (patitaiḥ) - by the fallen, by those who fell

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of patita

patita - fallen, descended

Past Passive Participle

Derived from √pat (to fall) + kta suffix

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Describes 'taiḥ'.

शोणितोक्षितैः (śoṇitokṣitaiḥ) - by those drenched in blood, by those sprinkled with blood

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śoṇitokṣita

śoṇitokṣita - sprinkled/drenched with blood

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śoṇita+ukṣita)

• śoṇita – blood
  noun (neuter)
• ukṣita – sprinkled, drenched
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from √ukṣ (to sprinkle) + kta suffix
  Root: ukṣ (class 6)

Note: Describes 'taiḥ'.

आस्तीर्णा (āstīrṇā) - spread, covered, strewn

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of āstīrṇa

āstīrṇa - spread, covered, strewn

Past Passive Participle

Derived from √stṛ (to spread) with prefix ā-

Prefix: ā

Root: stṛ (class 5)

Note: Agrees with 'vasudhā'.

वसुधा (vasudhā) - the earth, the ground

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vasudhā

vasudhā - earth, bearer of wealth

कृत्स्ना (kṛtsnā) - entire, whole, complete

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kṛtsna

kṛtsna - entire, whole, complete

Note: Agrees with 'vasudhā'.

महावेदिः (mahāvediḥ) - a great altar, a large sacrificial ground

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of mahāvedi

mahāvedi - great altar (for Vedic ritual)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+vedi)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• vedi – altar, sacrificial ground
  noun (feminine)

Note: Used in simile.

कुशैः (kuśaiḥ) - by Kuśa grass, with Kuśa grass

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of kuśa

kuśa - a type of sacred grass (Poa cynosuroides) used in Vedic rituals

Note: Used in simile.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

Note: Indicates simile.

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