वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-25, verse-10

दृष्ट्वा तं पतितं भूमौ दूषणं निहतं रणे ।
साधु साध्विति काकुत्स्थं सर्वभूतान्यपूजयन् ॥१०॥

10. dṛṣṭvā taṃ patitaṃ bhūmau dūṣaṇaṃ nihataṃ raṇe ,
sādhu sādhviti kākutsthaṃ sarvabhūtānyapūjayan.

10. dṛṣṭvā tam patitam bhūmau dūṣaṇam nihatam raṇe
sādhu sādhu iti kākutstham sarvabhūtāni apūjayan

10. dṛṣṭvā tam dūṣaṇam bhūmau raṇe nihatam patitam,
sarvabhūtāni kākutstham "sādhu sādhu" iti apūjayan.

10. Having seen Dūṣaṇa fallen on the ground and killed in battle, all beings praised Rāma (Kakutstha) saying, "Excellent! Excellent!"

Words meanings summery:

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• तम् (tam) - him (Dūṣaṇa) (him, that)

• पतितम् (patitam) - fallen

• भूमौ (bhūmau) - on the ground

• दूषणम् (dūṣaṇam) - Dūṣaṇa

• निहतम् (nihatam) - killed, struck down

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle

• साधु (sādhu) - excellent, good, well done

• साधु (sādhu) - excellent, good, well done

• इति (iti) - thus, so, that (quotation marker)

• काकुत्स्थम् (kākutstham) - to Kakutstha (Rāma)

• सर्वभूतानि (sarvabhūtāni) - all beings

• अपूजयन् (apūjayan) - praised, worshipped

Words meanings and morphology

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root √dṛś (to see) with suffix -tvā.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

तम् (tam) - him (Dūṣaṇa) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Object of 'dṛṣṭvā'. Refers to Dūṣaṇa.

पतितम् (patitam) - fallen

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of patita

patita - fallen, descended, outcast

Past Passive Participle

From root √pat (to fall) with suffix -ta.

Root: pat (class 1)

भूमौ (bhūmau) - on the ground

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of bhūmi

bhūmi - earth, ground, land, soil

दूषणम् (dūṣaṇam) - Dūṣaṇa

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dūṣaṇa

dūṣaṇa - Dūṣaṇa (name of a demon general)

Note: Direct object of 'dṛṣṭvā'.

निहतम् (nihatam) - killed, struck down

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nihata

nihata - killed, struck down, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

From prefix 'ni-' and root √han (to strike, kill) with suffix -ta.

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

रणे (raṇe) - in battle

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, combat

साधु (sādhu) - excellent, good, well done

(indeclinable)

Can also be used as an indeclinable exclamation.

साधु (sādhu) - excellent, good, well done

(indeclinable)

Can also be used as an indeclinable exclamation.

इति (iti) - thus, so, that (quotation marker)

(indeclinable)

काकुत्स्थम् (kākutstham) - to Kakutstha (Rāma)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kākutstha

kākutstha - descendant of Kakutstha (epithet of Rāma)

From 'Kakutstha' with patronymic suffix.

Note: Object of 'apūjayan'.

सर्वभूतानि (sarvabhūtāni) - all beings

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of sarvabhūta

sarvabhūta - all beings, all creatures

Compound.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sarva+bhūta)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  adjective
• bhūta – being, creature, element
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle (of √bhū)
  From root √bhū (to be, become) with suffix -ta.
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'apūjayan'.

अपूजयन् (apūjayan) - praised, worshipped

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect (laṅ) of pūj

Imperfect Tense

Augment 'a-' + root 'pūj' + ending.

Root: pūj (class 10)