वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-12, verse-4

यथैषा रमते राम इह सीता तथा कुरु ।
दुष्करं कृतवत्येषा वने त्वामनुगच्छती ॥४॥

4. yathaiṣā ramate rāma iha sītā tathā kuru ,
duṣkaraṃ kṛtavatyeṣā vane tvāmanugacchatī.

4. yathā eṣā ramate rāma iha sītā tathā kuru
duṣkaram kṛtavatī eṣā vane tvām anugacchatī

4. rāma yathā eṣā sītā iha ramate tathā kuru
eṣā tvām anugacchatī vane duṣkaram kṛtavatī

4. O Rāma, just as Sītā delights here, so should you act. This woman has performed a difficult deed by following you into the forest.

Words meanings summery:

• यथा (yathā) - as, just as, in which way

• एषा (eṣā) - this (Sītā) (this (feminine nominative singular))

• रमते (ramate) - delights (here, in the forest) (delights, enjoys, sports)

• राम (rāma) - O Rāma

• इह (iha) - here (in this place, i.e., the forest during exile) (here, in this world)

• सीता (sītā) - Sītā (name of Rāma's wife)

• तथा (tathā) - so, thus, in that manner

• कुरु (kuru) - do, make, perform (imperative 2nd singular)

• दुष्करम् (duṣkaram) - a difficult deed (difficult, hard to do; a difficult deed/task)

• कृतवती (kṛtavatī) - having done, having performed (feminine nominative singular)

• एषा (eṣā) - this (Sītā) (this (feminine nominative singular))

• वने (vane) - in the forest

• त्वाम् (tvām) - you (Rāma) (you (accusative singular))

• अनुगच्छती (anugacchatī) - following (you, into the forest) (following, going after (feminine nominative singular))

Words meanings and morphology

यथा (yathā) - as, just as, in which way

(indeclinable)

एषा (eṣā) - this (Sītā) (this (feminine nominative singular))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of etad

etad - this

Demonstrative pronoun.

रमते (ramate) - delights (here, in the forest) (delights, enjoys, sports)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of ram

Present tense, middle voice.

1st conjugation, ātmanepada (middle voice).

Root: ram (class 1)

राम (rāma) - O Rāma

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rāma (name of the hero of Rāmāyaṇa), pleasing, delightful

Masculine noun.

इह (iha) - here (in this place, i.e., the forest during exile) (here, in this world)

(indeclinable)

Adverb of place.

सीता (sītā) - Sītā (name of Rāma's wife)

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of sītā

sītā - Sītā (name of Janaka's daughter, Rāma's wife), furrow, agricultural land

Feminine noun.

तथा (tathā) - so, thus, in that manner

(indeclinable)

Adverb.

कुरु (kuru) - do, make, perform (imperative 2nd singular)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of kṛ

Imperative mood, active voice.

8th conjugation, parasmāipada (active voice).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

दुष्करम् (duṣkaram) - a difficult deed (difficult, hard to do; a difficult deed/task)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of duṣkara

duṣkara - difficult to do, hard, arduous, a difficult deed

Formed with 'dus' (bad, difficult) and 'kara' (doer, maker, doing).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (dus+kara)

• dus – bad, ill, difficult
  indeclinable
  Prefix/upasarga meaning 'bad', 'difficult'.
• kara – doer, maker, hand, ray, tax
  noun (masculine)
  From root kṛ (to do), suffix -a.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

कृतवती (kṛtavatī) - having done, having performed (feminine nominative singular)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kṛtavat

kṛtavat - having done, performed

Past Active Participle

Formed from root kṛ (to do) with suffix -vat.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Qualifies 'eṣā' (this woman).

एषा (eṣā) - this (Sītā) (this (feminine nominative singular))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of etad

etad - this

Demonstrative pronoun.

वने (vane) - in the forest

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove, water

Neuter noun.

त्वाम् (tvām) - you (Rāma) (you (accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Second person pronoun.

अनुगच्छती (anugacchatī) - following (you, into the forest) (following, going after (feminine nominative singular))

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of anugacchat

anugacchat - following, going after

Present Active Participle

Formed from verb root gam (to go) with prefix anu, and present participle suffix -at.

Prefix: anu

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'eṣā' (this woman).

Previous Verse Next Verse