वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-12, verse-12

ततो ऽब्रवीन्मुनि श्रेष्ठः श्रुत्वा रामस्य भाषितम् ।
ध्यात्वा मुहूर्तं धर्मात्मा धीरो धीरतरं वचः ॥१२॥

12. tato'bravīnmuni śreṣṭhaḥ śrutvā rāmasya bhāṣitam ,
dhyātvā muhūrtaṃ dharmātmā dhīro dhīrataraṃ vacaḥ.

12. tataḥ abravīt muni śreṣṭhaḥ śrutvā rāmasya bhāṣitam
dhyātvā muhūrtam dharmātmā dhīraḥ dhīrataram vacaḥ

12. tataḥ rāmasya bhāṣitam śrutvā,
dharmātmā dhīraḥ muni śreṣṭhaḥ muhūrtam dhyātvā,
dhīrataram vacaḥ abravīt.

12. Then, having heard Rama's speech, the best of sages, whose soul was dedicated to righteousness (dharma), meditated for a moment and, being steadfast, spoke even more steadfast words.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (indicating sequence) (then, from there, afterwards)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke (he spoke, he said)

• मुनि (muni) - sage (sage, ascetic, contemplative)

• श्रेष्ठः (śreṣṭhaḥ) - best (of sages) (best, excellent, principal)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard (having heard, after hearing)

• रामस्य (rāmasya) - of Rama

• भाषितम् (bhāṣitam) - speech/words (that which was spoken) (spoken, speech, words)

• ध्यात्वा (dhyātvā) - having meditated (having meditated, having contemplated)

• मुहूर्तम् (muhūrtam) - for a moment (for a moment, an instant, a short period of time)

• धर्मात्मा (dharmātmā) - the righteous one (the sage) (righteous soul, whose nature is dharma, virtuous)

• धीरः (dhīraḥ) - steadfast, resolute (firm, steady, resolute, wise, brave)

• धीरतरम् (dhīrataram) - even more steadfast/resolute (words) (more firm, more resolute, very firm)

• वचः (vacaḥ) - words (speech, word, saying)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then (indicating sequence) (then, from there, afterwards)

(indeclinable)

Suffix -tas affixed to 'tad'

Note: An indeclinable formed with the suffix -tas to express 'from that place' or 'then'.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke (he spoke, he said)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect 3rd singular active

From root 'brū' (2nd class), imperfect, 3rd person, singular, active voice.

Root: brū (class 2)

मुनि (muni) - sage (sage, ascetic, contemplative)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of muni

muni - sage, ascetic, contemplative, inspired person

Note: Part of a compound "muni śreṣṭhaḥ".

श्रेष्ठः (śreṣṭhaḥ) - best (of sages) (best, excellent, principal)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śreṣṭha

śreṣṭha - best, most excellent, pre-eminent

Superlative of praśasya (excellent).

Note: Qualifies 'muni'.

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard (having heard, after hearing)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

Absolutive form from root 'śru' (5th class) with suffix -tvā.

Root: śru (class 5)

रामस्य (rāmasya) - of Rama

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama (a proper name, son of Dasharatha)

Note: Possessive form.

भाषितम् (bhāṣitam) - speech/words (that which was spoken) (spoken, speech, words)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bhāṣita

bhāṣita - spoken, said; speech, word, saying

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle from root 'bhāṣ' (1st class, Ātmanepada) 'to speak', used as a noun.

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

Note: Object of `śrutvā`.

ध्यात्वा (dhyātvā) - having meditated (having meditated, having contemplated)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

Absolutive form from root 'dhyā' (1st class) 'to meditate', with suffix -tvā.

Root: dhyā (class 1)

मुहूर्तम् (muhūrtam) - for a moment (for a moment, an instant, a short period of time)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of muhūrta

muhūrta - a moment, an instant, a short period of time; a division of time (48 minutes)

Note: Used adverbially to indicate duration.

धर्मात्मा (dharmātmā) - the righteous one (the sage) (righteous soul, whose nature is dharma, virtuous)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmātman

dharmātman - a righteous soul, whose nature is justice/righteousness/ (dharma)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dharma+ātman)

• dharma – righteousness, natural law, duty, constitution
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)

Note: Compound meaning 'whose soul is dharma'.

धीरः (dhīraḥ) - steadfast, resolute (firm, steady, resolute, wise, brave)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhīra

dhīra - firm, steady, resolute, brave, wise, intelligent

Note: Qualifies the sage.

धीरतरम् (dhīrataram) - even more steadfast/resolute (words) (more firm, more resolute, very firm)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dhīratara

dhīratara - more firm, more resolute, very steadfast (comparative of dhīra)

Comparative degree of 'dhīra' formed with suffix -tara.

Note: Qualifies `vacaḥ`.

वचः (vacaḥ) - words (speech, word, saying)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacas

vacas - speech, word, saying, utterance

From root 'vac' (2nd class) 'to speak'.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of `abravīt`.

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