वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-83, verse-19

सवैजयन्तास्तु गजा गजारोहैः प्रचोदिताः ।
तरन्तः स्म प्रकाशन्ते सध्वजा इव पर्वताः ॥१९॥

19. savaijayantāstu gajā gajārohaiḥ pracoditāḥ ,
tarantaḥ sma prakāśante sadhvajā iva parvatāḥ.

19. savaijayantāḥ tu gajāḥ gajārohaiḥ pracoditāḥ
tarantaḥ sma prakāśante sadhvajāḥ iva parvatāḥ

19. tu gajāḥ savaijayantāḥ gajārohaiḥ pracoditāḥ
tarantaḥ sma sadhvajāḥ parvatāḥ iva prakāśante

19. And the elephants, adorned with flags and urged on by their riders, appeared like mountains with banners as they swam across.

Words meanings summery:

• सवैजयन्ताः (savaijayantāḥ) - elephants with banners (with banners, adorned with flags)

• तु (tu) - but, and, on the other hand

• गजाः (gajāḥ) - elephants

• गजारोहैः (gajārohaiḥ) - by elephant riders

• प्रचोदिताः (pracoditāḥ) - urged forward by their riders (urged, driven, instigated)

• तरन्तः (tarantaḥ) - swimming (across the water) (swimming, crossing, overcoming)

• स्म (sma) - an indicator of past tense

• प्रकाशन्ते (prakāśante) - they appeared (like mountains) (they shone, they appeared, they were manifest)

• सध्वजाः (sadhvajāḥ) - like mountains having flags (with flags, accompanied by banners)

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• पर्वताः (parvatāḥ) - mountains

Words meanings and morphology

सवैजयन्ताः (savaijayantāḥ) - elephants with banners (with banners, adorned with flags)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of savaijayanta

savaijayanta - accompanied by banners, having flags

Compound 'sa' (with) + 'vaijayanta' (banner).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+vaijayanta)

• sa – with, accompanied by
  indeclinable
• vaijayanta – banner, flag, victory banner
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'gajāḥ'.

तु (tu) - but, and, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

गजाः (gajāḥ) - elephants

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of gaja

gaja - elephant

गजारोहैः (gajārohaiḥ) - by elephant riders

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of gajāroha

gajāroha - elephant rider

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (gaja+āroha)

• gaja – elephant
  noun (masculine)
• āroha – rider, mounting, ascending
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root ruh (to ascend) with upasarga ā-
  Prefix: ā
  Root: ruh (class 1)

प्रचोदिताः (pracoditāḥ) - urged forward by their riders (urged, driven, instigated)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pracodita

pracodita - urged, impelled, instigated, set in motion

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root cud (to urge) with upasarga pra-

Prefix: pra

Root: cud (class 10)

Note: Agrees with 'gajāḥ'.

तरन्तः (tarantaḥ) - swimming (across the water) (swimming, crossing, overcoming)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tarat

tarat - swimming, crossing, overcoming

Present Active Participle

Derived from root tṛ (to cross, swim), masculine nominative plural

Root: tṛ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'gajāḥ'.

स्म (sma) - an indicator of past tense

(indeclinable)

Note: Used here with the present active participle 'tarantaḥ' and the present indicative 'prakāśante' to convey past action.

प्रकाशन्ते (prakāśante) - they appeared (like mountains) (they shone, they appeared, they were manifest)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present indicative (lat) of prakaś

Present middle indicative, 3rd person plural

Prefix: pra

Root: kaś (class 1)

Note: The present tense 'prakāśante' is understood in the past tense due to the particle 'sma' from earlier in the sentence.

सध्वजाः (sadhvajāḥ) - like mountains having flags (with flags, accompanied by banners)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sadhvaja

sadhvaja - having a flag, with flags

Compound 'sa' (with) + 'dhvaja' (flag).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+dhvaja)

• sa – with, accompanied by
  indeclinable
• dhvaja – flag, banner, emblem
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'parvatāḥ'.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

पर्वताः (parvatāḥ) - mountains

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of parvata

parvata - mountain, hill

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