वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-83, verse-16

पताकिन्यस्तु ता नावः स्वयं दाशैरधिष्ठिताः ।
वहन्त्यो जनमारूढं तदा संपेतुराशुगाः ॥१६॥

16. patākinyastu tā nāvaḥ svayaṃ dāśairadhiṣṭhitāḥ ,
vahantyo janamārūḍhaṃ tadā saṃpeturāśugāḥ.

16. patākinyaḥ tu tāḥ nāvaḥ svayam dāśaiḥ adhiṣṭitāḥ
vahantyaḥ janam ārūḍham tadā sampetuḥ āśu-gāḥ

16. tu tāḥ nāvaḥ patākinyaḥ svayam dāśaiḥ adhiṣṭitāḥ
ārūḍham janam vahantyaḥ tadā āśu-gāḥ sampetuḥ

16. Those boats, decorated with banners and manned by the boatmen themselves, carrying the passengers who had boarded, then sped swiftly.

Words meanings summery:

• पताकिन्यः (patākinyaḥ) - decorated with banners (adorned with banners/flags)

• तु (tu) - but (but, on the other hand, indeed)

• ताः (tāḥ) - those

• नावः (nāvaḥ) - boats (boats, ships)

• स्वयम् (svayam) - themselves (oneself, by oneself, spontaneously)

• दाशैः (dāśaiḥ) - by boatmen (by boatmen, fishermen)

• अधिष्टिताः (adhiṣṭitāḥ) - manned (stationed, supervised, manned, presided over)

• वहन्त्यः (vahantyaḥ) - carrying (carrying, bearing)

• जनम् (janam) - passengers, people (people, person, mankind)

• आरूढम् (ārūḍham) - boarded, seated (passengers) (mounted, ascended, boarded, seated)

• तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

• सम्पेतुः (sampetuḥ) - sped (rushed, flew, sped, fell together)

• आशु-गाः (āśu-gāḥ) - swift-moving (swift-moving, quickly going)

Words meanings and morphology

पताकिन्यः (patākinyaḥ) - decorated with banners (adorned with banners/flags)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of patākin

patākin - having a flag, marked with a flag, banner-bearing

From patākā (flag) + in (possessive suffix)

तु (tu) - but (but, on the other hand, indeed)

(indeclinable)

ताः (tāḥ) - those

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of tad

tad - that, she, he, it

नावः (nāvaḥ) - boats (boats, ships)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of nau

nau - boat, ship

स्वयम् (svayam) - themselves (oneself, by oneself, spontaneously)

(indeclinable)

दाशैः (dāśaiḥ) - by boatmen (by boatmen, fishermen)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of dāśa

dāśa - boatman, fisherman, member of a low caste

अधिष्टिताः (adhiṣṭitāḥ) - manned (stationed, supervised, manned, presided over)

(participle)

Nominative, feminine, plural of adhi-ṣṭhita

adhi-sthā - to stand upon, occupy, preside over, control, man

Past Passive Participle

From prefix adhi + root sthā (class 1) + -ta (ppp suffix)

Prefix: adhi

Root: sthā (class 1)

वहन्त्यः (vahantyaḥ) - carrying (carrying, bearing)

(participle)

Nominative, feminine, plural of vahant

vah - to carry, bear, convey, flow

Present Active Participle

From root vah (class 1) + -ant (present participle suffix)

Root: vah (class 1)

जनम् (janam) - passengers, people (people, person, mankind)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of jana

jana - person, people, creature, man

From root jan (to be born)

Root: jan (class 4)

आरूढम् (ārūḍham) - boarded, seated (passengers) (mounted, ascended, boarded, seated)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ā-rūḍha

ā-ruh - to ascend, mount, board

Past Passive Participle

From prefix ā + root ruh (class 1) + -dha (ppp suffix for certain roots)

Prefix: ā

Root: ruh (class 1)

तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

From pronoun tad + suffix dā

सम्पेतुः (sampetuḥ) - sped (rushed, flew, sped, fell together)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (Liṭ) of sam-pat

Perfect tense

From prefix sam + root pat (class 1, parasmāipada)

Prefix: sam

Root: pat (class 1)

आशु-गाः (āśu-gāḥ) - swift-moving (swift-moving, quickly going)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of āśu-ga

āśu-ga - swift-moving, quick-going, fast

From āśu (swiftly) + gam (to go, as a suffix ga)

Compound type : upapada tatpuruṣa (āśu+ga)

• āśu – swift, quick, quickly
  adverb/adjective
• ga – going, moving, reaching
  adjective
  Derived from root gam (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)

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