वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-71, verse-20

ततो विषण्णौ श्रान्तौ च शत्रुघ्नभरताव् उभौ ।
धरण्यां संव्यचेष्टेतां भग्नशृङ्गाविवर्षभौ ॥२०॥

20. tato viṣaṇṇau śrāntau ca śatrughnabharatāv ubhau ,
dharaṇyāṃ saṃvyaceṣṭetāṃ bhagnaśṛṅgāvivarṣabhau.

20. tataḥ viṣaṇṇau śrāntau ca śatrughna bharatau ubhau
dharaṇyām sam vyaceṣṭetām bhagna-śṛṅgau iva ṛṣabhau

20. tataḥ viṣaṇṇau ca śrāntau ubhau śatrughna bharatau
dharaṇyām sam vyaceṣṭetām bhagna-śṛṅgau iva ṛṣabhau

20. Then, both Shatrughna and Bharata, feeling depressed and exhausted, writhed on the ground like two bulls with broken horns.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, from there, therefore)

• विषण्णौ (viṣaṇṇau) - feeling depressed (depressed, dejected, sad (dual))

• श्रान्तौ (śrāntau) - and exhausted (weary, tired, exhausted (dual))

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• शत्रुघ्न (śatrughna) - Shatrughna (name of Rama's youngest brother)

• भरतौ (bharatau) - Bharata (paired with Shatrughna) (Bharata (name of Rama's brother) (dual))

• उभौ (ubhau) - both (Shatrughna and Bharata) (both)

• धरण्याम् (dharaṇyām) - on the earth, on the ground

• सम् व्यचेष्टेताम् (sam vyaceṣṭetām) - they writhed (on the ground) (they writhed, struggled, moved restlessly (dual))

• भग्न-शृङ्गौ (bhagna-śṛṅgau) - like two bulls with broken horns (with broken horns (dual))

• इव (iva) - like (like, as if, as, similar to)

• ऋषभौ (ṛṣabhau) - two bulls (bulls (dual))

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, from there, therefore)

(indeclinable)

विषण्णौ (viṣaṇṇau) - feeling depressed (depressed, dejected, sad (dual))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of viṣaṇṇa

viṣaṇṇa - depressed, dejected, despondent, sad

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √sad (to sink, despond) with prefix vi-

Prefix: vi

Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'śatrughna bharatau' and 'ubhau' (masculine nominative dual).

श्रान्तौ (śrāntau) - and exhausted (weary, tired, exhausted (dual))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of śrānta

śrānta - weary, tired, exhausted, fatigued

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √śram (to be weary, toil)

Root: śram (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'śatrughna bharatau' and 'ubhau' (masculine nominative dual).

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

शत्रुघ्न (śatrughna) - Shatrughna (name of Rama's youngest brother)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śatrughna

śatrughna - Shatrughna ('slayer of enemies', name of Rama's brother)

Note: Acts as part of a Dvandva compound 'Shatrughna and Bharata', where 'bharatau' takes the dual form.

भरतौ (bharatau) - Bharata (paired with Shatrughna) (Bharata (name of Rama's brother) (dual))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of bharata

bharata - Bharata (name of Rama's brother; also 'maintained', 'supported')

Note: The dual form here refers to both Shatrughna and Bharata.

उभौ (ubhau) - both (Shatrughna and Bharata) (both)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of ubha

ubha - both, either of two

Note: Agrees with 'śatrughna bharatau' (masculine nominative dual).

धरण्याम् (dharaṇyām) - on the earth, on the ground

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of dharaṇī

dharaṇī - earth, ground, land

सम् व्यचेष्टेताम् (sam vyaceṣṭetām) - they writhed (on the ground) (they writhed, struggled, moved restlessly (dual))

(verb)

3rd person , dual, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of √ceṣṭ

Imperfect Middle

Third person dual, imperfect tense, middle (ātmanepada) voice, with prefixes sam- and vi-

Prefixes: sam+vi

Root: ceṣṭ (class 1)

भग्न-शृङ्गौ (bhagna-śṛṅgau) - like two bulls with broken horns (with broken horns (dual))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of bhagna-śṛṅga

bhagna-śṛṅga - having broken horns

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (bhagna+śṛṅga)

• bhagna – broken, shattered, frustrated
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root √bhañj (to break, shatter)
  Root: bhañj (class 7)
• śṛṅga – horn, peak, summit
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'ṛṣabhau' (masculine nominative dual).

इव (iva) - like (like, as if, as, similar to)

(indeclinable)

ऋषभौ (ṛṣabhau) - two bulls (bulls (dual))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of ṛṣabha

ṛṣabha - bull, lord, best, eminent

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