वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-71, verse-8

दृष्ट्वा भस्मारुणं तच्च दग्धास्थिस्थानमण्डलम् ।
पितुः शरीर निर्वाणं निष्टनन् विषसाद ह ॥८॥

8. dṛṣṭvā bhasmāruṇaṃ tacca dagdhāsthisthānamaṇḍalam ,
pituḥ śarīra nirvāṇaṃ niṣṭanan viṣasāda ha.

8. dṛṣṭvā bhasmāruṇam tat ca dagdhāsthisthānamaṇḍalam
pituḥ śarīra nirvāṇam niṣṭanan viṣasāda ha

8. niṣṭanan tat ca bhasmāruṇam dagdhāsthisthānamaṇḍalam
pituḥ śarīra nirvāṇam dṛṣṭvā viṣasāda ha

8. And, having seen that circular area of burnt bones, reddish with ash, and the physical cessation (nirvāṇa) of his father's body, he sighed and became dejected.

Words meanings summery:

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, having perceived

• भस्मारुणम् (bhasmāruṇam) - reddish with ash, ash-colored red

• तत् (tat) - that

• च (ca) - and, also

• दग्धास्थिस्थानमण्डलम् (dagdhāsthisthānamaṇḍalam) - the circular area of burnt bones

• पितुः (pituḥ) - of the father

• शरीर (śarīra) - body, corporeal form

• निर्वाणम् (nirvāṇam) - physical cessation (nirvāṇa) (cessation, extinction, liberation)

• निष्टनन् (niṣṭanan) - groaning, sighing, lamenting

• विषसाद (viṣasāda) - became dejected, sank down, despaired

• ह (ha) - indeed, certainly

Words meanings and morphology

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, having perceived

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed with suffix -tvā.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Indicates an action completed before the main verb 'viṣasāda'.

भस्मारुणम् (bhasmāruṇam) - reddish with ash, ash-colored red

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bhasmāruṇa

bhasmāruṇa - reddish like ashes, reddish due to ashes

Compound adjective.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhasma+aruṇa)

• bhasma – ash, cinder, remains of combustion
  noun (neuter)
• aruṇa – reddish, dawn-colored, tawny
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'dagdhāsthisthānamaṇḍalam'.

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Qualifies 'dagdhāsthisthānamaṇḍalam'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the two objects of sight: the pyre's remains and the father's body's cessation.

दग्धास्थिस्थानमण्डलम् (dagdhāsthisthānamaṇḍalam) - the circular area of burnt bones

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dagdhāsthisthānamaṇḍala

dagdhāsthisthānamaṇḍala - circle/area of burnt bone remains

Compound noun.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dagdha+asthi+sthāna+maṇḍala)

• dagdha – burnt, consumed by fire
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √dah (to burn).
  Root: dah (class 1)
• asthi – bone
  noun (neuter)
• sthāna – place, site, spot
  noun (neuter)
  From root √sthā (to stand).
  Root: sthā (class 1)
• maṇḍala – circle, disc, area, region
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of 'dṛṣṭvā'.

पितुः (pituḥ) - of the father

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father

Note: Possessive, refers to 'śarīra'.

शरीर (śarīra) - body, corporeal form

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śarīra

śarīra - body, corporeal form

Note: Part of the compound 'śarīra-nirvāṇam', which is an object of 'dṛṣṭvā'.

निर्वाणम् (nirvāṇam) - physical cessation (nirvāṇa) (cessation, extinction, liberation)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of nirvāṇa

nirvāṇa - extinction, blowing out, cessation, liberation (mokṣa), final beatitude

From upasarga "nis" + root "√vā" (to blow).

Prefix: nis

Root: vā (class 2)

Note: Object of 'dṛṣṭvā'.

निष्टनन् (niṣṭanan) - groaning, sighing, lamenting

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niṣṭanat

niṣṭanat - groaning, sighing, lamenting

Present Active Participle

From upasarga "nis" + root "√tan" (to sound, groan).

Prefix: nis

Root: tan (class 8)

Note: Describes the simultaneous action of the subject.

विषसाद (viṣasāda) - became dejected, sank down, despaired

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of √sad

Perfect tense form from upasarga "vi" + root "√sad".

Prefix: vi

Root: sad (class 1)

ह (ha) - indeed, certainly

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.