वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-71, verse-7

यथागतिरनाथायाः पुत्रः प्रव्राजितो वनम् ।
तामम्बां तात कौसल्यां त्यक्त्वा त्वं क्व गतो नृप ॥७॥

7. yathāgatiranāthāyāḥ putraḥ pravrājito vanam ,
tāmambāṃ tāta kausalyāṃ tyaktvā tvaṃ kva gato nṛpa.

7. yathāgatiḥ anāthāyāḥ putraḥ pravrājitaḥ vanam tām
ambām tāta kausalyām tyaktvā tvam kva gataḥ nṛpa

7. tāta nṛpa tvam tām ambām kausalyām tyaktvā kva
gataḥ yathāgatiḥ anāthāyāḥ putraḥ pravrājitaḥ vanam

7. O father, O king, where have you gone, abandoning Mother Kausalya, whose son has gone to the forest and who is now utterly helpless?

Words meanings summery:

• यथागतिः (yathāgatiḥ) - who is without any support/recourse (whose resort is gone, helpless, forlorn)

• अनाथायाः (anāthāyāḥ) - of the helpless woman

• पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son

• प्रव्राजितः (pravrājitaḥ) - banished, exiled, gone forth

• वनम् (vanam) - to the forest

• ताम् (tām) - that

• अम्बाम् (ambām) - mother

• तात (tāta) - O father (O father, O dear one)

• कौसल्याम् (kausalyām) - Kausalya

• त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - having abandoned, leaving

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• क्व (kva) - where?

• गतः (gataḥ) - gone, departed

• नृप (nṛpa) - O king

Words meanings and morphology

यथागतिः (yathāgatiḥ) - who is without any support/recourse (whose resort is gone, helpless, forlorn)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of yathāgati

yathāgati - one whose course/resort is gone, helpless, forlorn

Compound noun used adjectivally.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (yathā+gati)

• yathā – as, like, according to
  indeclinable
• gati – going, motion, course, refuge, resort
  noun (feminine)
  Derived from root √gam (to go).
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Describes Kausalya, implying 'she (Kausalya) is without recourse'.

अनाथायाः (anāthāyāḥ) - of the helpless woman

(adjective)

Genitive, feminine, singular of anāthā

anāthā - a helpless woman, unprotected, forlorn

Derived from 'anātha' (helpless) as a feminine form.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+nātha)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• nātha – lord, protector, refuge
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Kausalya.

पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son

Note: Subject of the clause 'putraḥ pravrājitaḥ vanam'.

प्रव्राजितः (pravrājitaḥ) - banished, exiled, gone forth

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pravrājita

pravrājita - gone forth, departed, exiled, having become an ascetic

Past Passive Participle

From upasarga "pra" + root "√vraj" (to go, wander).

Prefix: pra

Root: vraj (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'putraḥ', indicating his action (going to the forest).

वनम् (vanam) - to the forest

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove

Note: Directional accusative with 'pravrājitaḥ'.

ताम् (tām) - that

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Qualifies 'ambām' and 'kausalyām'.

अम्बाम् (ambām) - mother

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of ambā

ambā - mother

Note: Object of 'tyaktvā'.

तात (tāta) - O father (O father, O dear one)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tāta

tāta - father, dear one (term of endearment), sir

Note: Address to the deceased father.

कौसल्याम् (kausalyām) - Kausalya

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kausalyā

kausalyā - Kausalya (name of Rama's mother)

Note: Object of 'tyaktvā'.

त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - having abandoned, leaving

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed with suffix -tvā.

Root: tyaj (class 1)

Note: Indicates an action completed before the main verb 'gataḥ'.

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Second person pronoun.

Note: Subject of the main verb 'gataḥ'.

क्व (kva) - where?

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative adverb.

गतः (gataḥ) - gone, departed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, departed, arrived at, come

Past Passive Participle

From root "√gam" (to go).

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'tvam', functioning as the main verb 'have you gone'.

नृप (nṛpa) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, ruler

Compound 'nṛ-pa' (man-protector).

Note: Address to the deceased father, Dasaratha.