वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-71, verse-5

शब्दापिहितकण्ठश्च शोधनार्थमुपागतः ।
चितामूले पितुर्वाक्यमिदमाह सुदुःखितः ॥५॥

5. śabdāpihitakaṇṭhaśca śodhanārthamupāgataḥ ,
citāmūle piturvākyamidamāha suduḥkhitaḥ.

5. śabdāpihitakaṇṭhaḥ ca śodhanārtham upāgataḥ
citāmūle pituḥ vākyam idam āha suduḥkhitaḥ

5. suduḥkhitaḥ śabdāpihitakaṇṭhaḥ ca śodhanārtham
upāgataḥ citāmūle pituḥ idam vākyam āha

5. His throat choked with emotion, he, deeply distressed, approached for purification and spoke these words at the base of his father's pyre.

Words meanings summery:

• शब्दापिहितकण्ठः (śabdāpihitakaṇṭhaḥ) - with his throat choked by emotion (one whose throat is covered/choked by sound/words)

• च (ca) - and, also

• शोधनार्थम् (śodhanārtham) - for purification (of his name/reputation) (for the purpose of purification, for clearing)

• उपागतः (upāgataḥ) - having approached, having arrived

• चितामूले (citāmūle) - at the base of the funeral pyre

• पितुः (pituḥ) - to his father (spirit/memory) (of the father, to the father)

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - these words (word, speech, statement)

• इदम् (idam) - this

• आह (āha) - said, spoke

• सुदुःखितः (suduḥkhitaḥ) - very distressed, extremely grieved

Words meanings and morphology

शब्दापिहितकण्ठः (śabdāpihitakaṇṭhaḥ) - with his throat choked by emotion (one whose throat is covered/choked by sound/words)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śabdāpihitakaṇṭha

śabdāpihitakaṇṭha - one whose throat is covered/choked by sound/words; choked with emotion

Compound adjective.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (śabda+apihita+kaṇṭha)

• śabda – sound, word, voice, emotion
  noun (masculine)
• apihita – covered, concealed, choked
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root √dhā with upasarga api.
  Prefix: api
  Root: dhā (class 3)
• kaṇṭha – throat, neck
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to the implicit subject (Bharata).

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

शोधनार्थम् (śodhanārtham) - for purification (of his name/reputation) (for the purpose of purification, for clearing)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śodhanārtha

śodhanārtha - for the purpose of purification, for clearing

Compound noun.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śodhana+artha)

• śodhana – purification, cleansing, clearing
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from root √śudh.
  Root: śudh (class 4)
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth
  noun (masculine)

Note: Functions adverbially to express purpose.

उपागतः (upāgataḥ) - having approached, having arrived

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of upāgata

upāgata - approached, arrived, come near

Past Passive Participle

Formed from upasarga "upa" and root "√gam" with prefix "ā".

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Refers to the subject of the sentence (Bharata), functioning effectively as an active verb for an intransitive action.

चितामूले (citāmūle) - at the base of the funeral pyre

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of citāmūla

citāmūla - base of the pyre, foot of the funeral pile

Compound noun.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (citā+mūla)

• citā – funeral pyre
  noun (feminine)
• mūla – root, base, foundation
  noun (neuter)

पितुः (pituḥ) - to his father (spirit/memory) (of the father, to the father)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father

Note: Can express possession or relation; here, likely 'concerning the father' or 'to the father'.

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - these words (word, speech, statement)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - speech, word, sentence, statement

Derived from root √vac (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of the verb 'āha'.

इदम् (idam) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, here

Note: Refers to the words about to be spoken.

आह (āha) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of √ah

Perfect tense form of √ah (or √brū).

Root: ah (class 2)

सुदुःखितः (suduḥkhitaḥ) - very distressed, extremely grieved

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of suduḥkhita

suduḥkhita - very distressed, deeply sorrowful, greatly afflicted

Compound adjective (prefix 'su-' intensifying 'duḥkhita').

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+duḥkhita)

• su – good, well, very, greatly
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating intensity or excellence.
• duḥkhita – distressed, sorrowful, unhappy
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from duḥkha (sorrow, pain).

Note: Qualifies the implicit subject (Bharata).