वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-32, verse-11

कैकेय्यां मुक्तलज्जायां वदन्त्यामतिदारुणम् ।
राजा दशरथो वाक्यमुवाचायतलोचनाम् ।
वहन्तं किं तुदसि मां नियुज्य धुरि माहिते ॥११॥

11. kaikeyyāṃ muktalajjāyāṃ vadantyāmatidāruṇam ,
rājā daśaratho vākyamuvācāyatalocanām ,
vahantaṃ kiṃ tudasi māṃ niyujya dhuri māhite.

11. kaikeyyām muktalajjāyām vadantyām
atidāruṇam rājā daśarathaḥ vākyam
uvāca āyatalocanām vahantam
kim tudasi mām niyujya dhuri māhite

11. muktalajjāyām kaikeyyām atidāruṇam
vadantyām rājā daśarathaḥ
āyatalocanām vākyam uvāca mām vahantam
dhuri niyujya māhite kim tudasi

11. As Kaikeyi, having abandoned all shame, spoke very cruelly, King Daśaratha said to the broad-eyed one (Kaikeyi), "Why do you torment me, who am already bearing this burden, having yoked me to a heavy task?"

Words meanings summery:

• कैकेय्याम् (kaikeyyām) - to Kaikeyi

• मुक्तलज्जायाम् (muktalajjāyām) - having abandoned shame, shameless

• वदन्त्याम् (vadantyām) - speaking, talking, saying

• अतिदारुणम् (atidāruṇam) - very cruelly (used adverbially) (very cruel, extremely harsh, terribly severe)

• राजा (rājā) - king, ruler, prince

• दशरथः (daśarathaḥ) - Dasharatha, father of Rama

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - word, speech, sentence, statement

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (spoke, said, declared)

• आयतलोचनाम् (āyatalocanām) - the broad-eyed one (Kaikeyi) (broad-eyed, having large beautiful eyes)

• वहन्तम् (vahantam) - me, who am carrying (the burden) (carrying, bearing, conveying)

• किम् (kim) - why (what?, why?, whether)

• तुदसि (tudasi) - you torment (you torment, you strike, you vex)

• माम् (mām) - me

• नियुज्य (niyujya) - having yoked (me) (having yoked, having harnessed, having appointed)

• धुरि (dhuri) - to a (heavy) yoke/task (in the yoke/burden, at the front)

• माहिते (māhite) - heavy (heavy, weighty, great, placed)

Words meanings and morphology

कैकेय्याम् (kaikeyyām) - to Kaikeyi

(proper noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of kaikeyī

kaikeyī - Kaikeyi, daughter of the King of Kekaya, one of the three queens of Daśaratha

मुक्तलज्जायाम् (muktalajjāyām) - having abandoned shame, shameless

(adjective)

Locative, feminine, singular of muktalajjā

muktalajjā - shameless, having abandoned shame, unblushing

Compound adjective: 'whose lajjā (shame) is mukta (released/abandoned)'.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mukta+lajjā)

• mukta – released, liberated, abandoned, given up, free
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root muc (class 6, to release, free).
  Root: muc (class 6)
• lajjā – shame, modesty, embarrassment, bashfulness
  noun (feminine)

Note: Agrees with Kaikeyyām and vadantyām.

वदन्त्याम् (vadantyām) - speaking, talking, saying

(adjective)

Locative, feminine, singular of vadantī

vadantī - speaking, talking, saying

Present Active Participle

Feminine form of vadat, from root vad (class 1, to speak).

Root: vad (class 1)

Note: Agrees with Kaikeyyām and muktalajjāyām.

अतिदारुणम् (atidāruṇam) - very cruelly (used adverbially) (very cruel, extremely harsh, terribly severe)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of atidāruṇa

atidāruṇa - very cruel, extremely harsh, terribly severe

Compound of 'ati' (prefix) + 'dāruṇa' (adjective).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (ati+dāruṇa)

• ati – over, beyond, very, excessively
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating intensity or excess.
• dāruṇa – cruel, harsh, dreadful, severe, terrible
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Used adverbially to modify 'vadantyām'.

राजा (rājā) - king, ruler, prince

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, prince, sovereign

दशरथः (daśarathaḥ) - Dasharatha, father of Rama

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of daśaratha

daśaratha - Daśaratha, a famous king of Ayodhyā, father of Rāma

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - word, speech, sentence, statement

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - word, speech, sentence, statement, declaration

उवाच (uvāca) - said (spoke, said, declared)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, parasmaipada.

Root: vac (class 2)

आयतलोचनाम् (āyatalocanām) - the broad-eyed one (Kaikeyi) (broad-eyed, having large beautiful eyes)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of āyatalocanā

āyatalocanā - broad-eyed, having large beautiful eyes, long-eyed

Compound adjective: 'whose locana (eyes) are āyata (extended/long)'.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (āyata+locana)

• āyata – extended, long, wide, stretched
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root yam (class 1, to restrain, extend) with prefix ā.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: yam (class 1)
• locana – eye, seeing, sight
  noun (neuter)

Note: Refers to Kaikeyi.

वहन्तम् (vahantam) - me, who am carrying (the burden) (carrying, bearing, conveying)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vahant

vahant - carrying, bearing, conveying, flowing

Present Active Participle

From root vah (class 1, to carry, flow).

Root: vah (class 1)

Note: Agrees with mām.

किम् (kim) - why (what?, why?, whether)

(indeclinable)

तुदसि (tudasi) - you torment (you torment, you strike, you vex)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of tud

Present tense, 2nd person singular, parasmaipada.

Root: tud (class 6)

माम् (mām) - me

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of aham

aham - I, ego

नियुज्य (niyujya) - having yoked (me) (having yoked, having harnessed, having appointed)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive

From root yuj (class 7, to join, unite) with prefix ni. Forms an absolutive (gerund).

Prefix: ni

Root: yuj (class 7)

धुरि (dhuri) - to a (heavy) yoke/task (in the yoke/burden, at the front)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of dhur

dhur - yoke, burden, load, duty, responsibility, front, lead

माहिते (māhite) - heavy (heavy, weighty, great, placed)

(adjective)

Locative, feminine, singular of māhita

māhita - heavy, weighty, great, placed, important

Past Passive Participle (possibly from māh/mah)

Possibly derived from a root 'mah' (to be great) or 'māh' (to place), indicating something made heavy or placed with importance.

Root: mah (class 1)

Note: Agrees with dhuri.